Implement random() and friends

src/header/stdlib/mod.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 mod lcg48;
+mod random;
 mod sort;
 
 pub const EXIT_FAILURE: c_int = 1;
@@ -369,9 +370,31 @@ pub extern "C" fn grantpt(fildes: c_int) -> c_int {
     unimplemented!();
 }
 
-// #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn initstate(seec: c_uint, state: *mut c_char, size: size_t) -> *mut c_char {
-    unimplemented!();
+#[no_mangle]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn initstate(seed: c_uint, state: *mut c_char, size: size_t) -> *mut c_char {
+    // Ported from musl
+
+    if size < 8 {
+        ptr::null_mut()
+    } else {
+        // TODO: lock?
+        let old_state = random::save_state();
+        random::N = match size {
+            0..=7 => unreachable!(), // ensured above
+            8..=31 => 0,
+            32..=63 => 7,
+            64..=127 => 15,
+            128..=255 => 31,
+            _ => 63,
+        };
+
+        random::X_PTR = (state as *mut u32).offset(1);
+        random::seed(seed);
+        random::save_state();
+        // TODO: unlock?
+
+        old_state as _
+    }
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
@@ -731,9 +754,37 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn rand_r(seed: *mut c_uint) -> c_int {
     }
 }
 
-// #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn random() -> c_long {
-    unimplemented!();
+#[no_mangle]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn random() -> c_long {
+    // Ported from musl
+
+    let k: u32;
+    // TODO: lock?
+    random::ensure_x_ptr_init();
+
+    if random::N == 0 {
+        *random::X_PTR = random::lcg31_step(*random::X_PTR);
+        k = *random::X_PTR;
+    } else {
+        *random::X_PTR.add(usize::from(random::I)) += *random::X_PTR.add(usize::from(random::J));
+
+        k = *random::X_PTR.add(usize::from(random::I)) >> 1;
+
+        random::I += 1;
+        if random::I == random::N {
+            random::I = 0;
+        }
+
+        random::J += 1;
+        if random::J == random::N {
+            random::J = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    // TODO: unlock?
+
+    /* Both branches of this function result in a "u31", which will
+     * always fit in a c_long. */
+    c_long::try_from(k).unwrap()
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
@@ -858,9 +909,16 @@ pub extern "C" fn setkey(key: *const c_char) {
     unimplemented!();
 }
 
-// #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn setstate(state: *const c_char) -> *mut c_char {
-    unimplemented!();
+#[no_mangle]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn setstate(state: *mut c_char) -> *mut c_char {
+    /* Ported from musl. The state parameter is no longer const in newer
+     * versions of POSIX. */
+
+    // TODO: lock?
+    let old_state = random::save_state();
+    random::load_state(state as *mut u32);
+    // TODO: unlock?
+    old_state as _
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
@@ -879,9 +937,13 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn srand48(seedval: c_long) {
     lcg48::DEFAULT_XSUBI = lcg48::ushort_arr3_from_u48(xsubi_value);
 }
 
-// #[no_mangle]
-pub extern "C" fn srandom(seed: c_uint) {
-    unimplemented!();
+#[no_mangle]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn srandom(seed: c_uint) {
+    // Ported from musl
+
+    // TODO: lock?
+    random::seed(seed);
+    // TODO: unlock?
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]

src/header/stdlib/random.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+//! Helper functions for random() and friends, see https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/initstate.html
+/* Ported from musl's implementation (src/prng/random.c). Does not
+ * currently implement locking, though. */
+
+use crate::platform::types::*;
+use core::{convert::TryFrom, ptr};
+
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+static mut X_INIT: [u32; 32] = [
+    0x00000000, 0x5851f42d, 0xc0b18ccf, 0xcbb5f646,
+    0xc7033129, 0x30705b04, 0x20fd5db4, 0x9a8b7f78,
+    0x502959d8, 0xab894868, 0x6c0356a7, 0x88cdb7ff,
+    0xb477d43f, 0x70a3a52b, 0xa8e4baf1, 0xfd8341fc,
+    0x8ae16fd9, 0x742d2f7a, 0x0d1f0796, 0x76035e09,
+    0x40f7702c, 0x6fa72ca5, 0xaaa84157, 0x58a0df74,
+    0xc74a0364, 0xae533cc4, 0x04185faf, 0x6de3b115,
+    0x0cab8628, 0xf043bfa4, 0x398150e9, 0x37521657,
+];
+
+/* N needs to accommodate values up to 63, corresponding to the maximum
+ * state array size of 256 bytes. I and J must be able to accommodate
+ * values less than or equal to N. */
+pub static mut N: u8 = 31;
+pub static mut I: u8 = 3;
+pub static mut J: u8 = 0;
+
+/* Unlike in C, we can't take the address of the initializing array
+ * outside of a function. */
+pub static mut X_PTR: *mut u32 = ptr::null_mut();
+
+// To be called in any function that may read from X_PTR
+pub unsafe fn ensure_x_ptr_init() {
+    if X_PTR.is_null() {
+        X_PTR = &mut X_INIT[1];
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn lcg31_step(x: u32) -> u32 {
+    1103515245_u32.wrapping_mul(x).wrapping_add(12345_u32) & 0x7fffffff
+}
+
+pub fn lcg64_step(x: u64) -> u64 {
+    6364136223846793005_u64.wrapping_mul(x).wrapping_add(1_u64)
+}
+
+pub unsafe fn save_state() -> *mut u32 {
+    ensure_x_ptr_init();
+    *X_PTR.offset(-1) = (u32::from(N) << 16) | (u32::from(I) << 8) | u32::from(J);
+    X_PTR.offset(-1)
+}
+
+pub unsafe fn load_state(state_ptr: *mut u32) {
+    let prev_x = *state_ptr;
+    X_PTR = state_ptr.offset(1);
+
+    /* This calculation of N does not have a bit mask in the musl
+     * original, in principle resulting in a u16, but obtaining a value
+     * larger than 63 can probably be dismissed as pathological. */
+    N = u8::try_from((prev_x >> 16) & 0xff).unwrap();
+
+    // I and J calculations are straight from musl
+    I = u8::try_from((prev_x >> 8) & 0xff).unwrap();
+    J = u8::try_from(prev_x & 0xff).unwrap();
+}
+
+pub unsafe fn seed(seed: c_uint) {
+    ensure_x_ptr_init();
+
+    let mut s = seed as u64;
+
+    if N == 0 {
+        *X_PTR = s as u32;
+    } else {
+        I = if N == 31 || N == 7 { 3 } else { 1 };
+
+        J = 0;
+
+        for k in 0..usize::from(N) {
+            s = lcg64_step(s);
+
+            // Conversion will always succeed (value is a 32-bit right-
+            // shift of a 64-bit integer).
+            *X_PTR.add(k) = u32::try_from(s >> 32).unwrap();
+        }
+
+        // ensure X contains at least one odd number
+        *X_PTR |= 1;
+    }
+}

tests/Makefile

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ EXPECT_NAMES=\
 	stdlib/lcg48 \
 	stdlib/mkostemps \
 	stdlib/rand \
+	stdlib/random \
 	stdlib/strtod \
 	stdlib/strtol \
 	stdlib/strtoul \

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+1272610393
+1312083268
+1570067004
+593337627
+1415710754
+1569760970
+966378389
+378520161
+625043586
+297779604
+506725245
+141622615
+888605459
+512193796
+772973586
+1124560745
+707116673
+
+Seed 42, size 256:
+2058979096
+1114567745
+1168098319
+1326828429
+585052544
+738633083
+1597984519
+103976400
+637164838
+949355699
+301019638
+1539653489
+829283131
+1994476715
+240955585
+1996759270
+1022456556
+1580994077
+1061370374
+875128855
+1125363953
+1573702147
+503131242
+1969480447
+1438211747
+91438056
+1120505602
+1956383039
+1858786240
+1571532334
+1295962411
+342691299
+190922750
+587812343
+1882440834
+1251108553
+1546539316
+237235092
+229958515
+1788514159
+1180131104
+1278005195
+1236529116
+1834489224
+2008240486
+153071308
+1122241977
+1443493489
+827253675
+1844422894
+1615942404
+1444719301
+1322997186
+2068652336
+1108669174
+1117641112
+329168079
+1033958612
+870068653
+1235189147
+1628422544
+186507460
+1238820988
+1150316436
+117400533
+1285498853
+464843634
+1049896178
+1788529262
+1239030133
+
+Seed 42, other state array:
+1105844101
+1165395678
+461296413
+1259424640
+70225557
+1467961981
+315013290
+1176069659
+485874011
+776309703
+288010651
+556099569
+96788036
+603023941
+1732169228
+582662048
+1379333644
+2020179879
+1138761617
+1476121681
+475720173
+723447197
+2058783729
+1855053817
+596143428
+1050061698
+1183691850
+1071863601
+1773508895
+1094991931
+779433771
+222168675
+2145053629
+1963125621
+1294032277
+1771078876
+910633905
+2073466048
+1993247552
+908203886
+1889108021
+1139796181
+531799115
+652258278
+1065778581
+377563019
+1560462165
+807402954
+1517359200
+2092261280
+1459661233
+435654133
+322340651
+872639750
+1243057087
+1839699851
+817417382
+555234672
+127870336
+1139758033
+1427874422
+1370927423
+831974236
+97808156
+1926162096
+959844572
+1237566189
+1206552870
+183288347
+2069540425
+
+State data pointer restored correctly by setstate().
+
+Seed 42, back to first state array:
+1343006534
+1980171372
+782043423
+1083063062
+475232903
+1304516034
+1151509101
+1392464686
+1241740309
+116713217
+1697707295
+611594021
+1486722877
+464603182
+2038305329
+393952924
+215949723
+1654161471
+1745599527
+718621482
+527520873
+238823465
+1810355799
+958834563
+1301525862
+1492448612
+2080260955
+1815218141
+918843046
+317898715
+555133807
+785092322
+426122834
+1606253938
+736775485
+1973304601
+1660310177
+1521067015
+1674138324
+648896653
+2092390142
+772160169
+469099415
+2085041819
+1382277472
+557791010
+478959698
+1587628873
+557786337
+886954417
+1920913029
+643498035
+1878687182
+1359626079
+1546133539
+637470879
+1787787315
+1905187849
+1043203054
+1508046688
+410459218
+51504832
+1290534966
+486057852
+318745576
+1100789000
+36368414
+511601317
+1816117351
+820142804
+
+Pointer returned by initstate with size < 8: (nil)

tests/stdlib/random.c

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "test_helpers.h"
+
+/* The output of these tests are checked against that from musl. Other
+ * algorithms may yield different results and still comply with the
+ * POSIX requirements. */
+
+int main(void) {
+    /* Should be enough to exercise the rollover branching in random()
+     * for all possible state array sizes (up to 256 bytes, i.e. 64
+     * 32-bit values). */
+    size_t test_seq_len = 70;
+
+    long random_result;
+
+    // Should give same result as with seed 1
+    puts("Uninitialized:");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < test_seq_len; i++) {
+        random_result = random();
+        printf("%ld\n", random_result);
+    }
+
+    puts("\nSeed 1:");
+    srandom(1);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < test_seq_len; i++) {
+        random_result = random();
+        printf("%ld\n", random_result);
+    }
+
+    puts("\nSeed 1337:");
+    srandom(1337);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < test_seq_len; i++) {
+        random_result = random();
+        printf("%ld\n", random_result);
+    }
+
+    /* 256 bytes (as below) is the largest possible amount of state
+     * data. Created as a uint32_t to avoid possible alignment issues
+     * with char. */
+    uint32_t new_state[64] = {
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+    };
+
+    unsigned int seed = 42;
+
+    // Should exercise the different branches in initstate()
+    size_t sizes[] = {8, 31, 32, 63, 64, 127, 128, 255, 256};
+
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < sizeof(sizes)/sizeof(size_t); j++) {
+        size_t size = sizes[j];
+        printf("\nSeed %d, size %ld:\n", seed, size);
+        initstate(seed, (char *)new_state, size);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < test_seq_len; i++) {
+            random_result = random();
+            printf("%ld\n", random_result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Test that setstate() allows the use of a different state array,
+     * and that it correctly returns the old value. */
+    uint32_t other_new_state[64] = {
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+    };
+
+    initstate(seed, (char *)other_new_state, 32);
+    printf("\nSeed %d, other state array:\n", seed);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < test_seq_len; i++) {
+        random_result = random();
+        printf("%ld\n", random_result);
+    }
+
+    char *should_be_other_new_state_ptr = setstate((char *)new_state);
+    if (should_be_other_new_state_ptr == (char *)other_new_state) {
+        puts("\nState data pointer restored correctly by setstate().");
+    }
+    else {
+        puts("\nState data pointer NOT restored correctly by setstate().");
+    }
+    printf("\nSeed %d, back to first state array:\n", seed);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < test_seq_len; i++) {
+        random_result = random();
+        printf("%ld\n", random_result);
+    }
+
+    // Should yield NULL
+    char *state_with_size_less_than_8 = initstate(seed, (char *)new_state, 7);
+    printf("\nPointer returned by initstate with size < 8: %p\n",
+        state_with_size_less_than_8);
+
+    return 0;
+}