docs: add a tutorial on use U-Boot and RustSBI to boot PolyOS in qemu

docs/booting-polyos-in-qemu-using-uboot-and-rustsbi.md

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+# 使用RustSBI & U-Boot在QEMU中启动 PolyOS
+
+尽管 Openharmony 在 4.1 引入了 `device_qemu-riscv64-linux`，但是目前仍无法按照[文档](https://gitee.com/openharmony/device_qemu/tree/HEAD/riscv64_virt#)正常编译。
+
+本文于此介绍基于 OpenHarmony 的系统 -- PolyOS 使用 RustSBI 和 U-Boot 在 QEMU 中启动的方法。
+
+下令 `$workdir` 表示工作目录。
+
+### Clone & Compile RustSBI Prototyper
+
+``` shell
+$ cd $workdir
+$ git clone https://github.com/rustsbi/prototyper.git && cd prototyper && git checkout main && cd ..
+```
+
+``` shell
+$ cd prototyper
+```
+
+编译RustSBI  Prototyper
+
+``` shell
+$ cargo make prototyper
+```
+
+### Clone & Compile U-Boot
+
+``` shell
+$ cd $workdir
+$ git clone https://github.com/u-boot/u-boot.git && cd u-boot && git checkout v2024.04 && cd ..
+```
+
+进入U-Boot目录
+
+``` shell
+$ cd u-boot
+```
+
+导出环境变量
+
+``` shell
+$ export ARCH=riscv
+$ export CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-gnu-
+$ export OPENSBI=../prototyper/target/riscv64imac-unknown-none-elf/release/rustsbi-prototyper.bin 
+```
+
+生成`.config`文件,编译U-Boot
+
+``` shell
+# To generate .config file out of board configuration file
+$ make qemu-riscv64_spl_defconfig
+$ make -j$(nproc)
+```
+
+
+### Download & Configure PolyOS
+
+下载 PolyOS Mobile 镜像：<https://polyos.iscas.ac.cn/downloads/polyos-mobile-latest.img.tar.xz>。
+
+```shell
+$ cd $workdir
+$ wget https://polyos.iscas.ac.cn/downloads/polyos-mobile-latest.img.tar.xz
+$ tar xvf polyos-mobile-latest.img.tar.xz
+```
+
+创建一个带分区表的镜像，并创建一个分区。
+
+```shell
+$ cd ./image
+$ qemu-img create boot.img 1g
+$ fdisk boot.img
+> g
+> n
+> w
+```
+
+（ fdisk 的提示全选是和默认相即可。）
+
+挂载本地回环设备：
+
+```shell
+$ sudo losetup --find --show -P ./boot.img
+```
+
+以下假设挂载的本地回环设备为 `/dev/loop1`。
+
+将给定的 boot.ext4 写入该分区：
+
+```shell
+$ dd if=./boot.ext4 of=/dev/loop1p1
+```
+
+挂载该分区：
+
+```shell
+$ mkdir boot
+$ mount /dev/loop1p1 ./boot
+```
+
+创建 `./boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf`，并写入以下内容：
+
+```shell
+default polyOS-RISC-V
+label   polyOS-RISC-V
+    kernel /Image
+    initrd /ramdisk.img
+    append 'loglevel=1 ip=192.168.137.2:192.168.137.1:192.168.137.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:off sn=0023456789 console=tty0,115200 console=ttyS0,115200 init=/bin/init ohos.boot.hardware=virt root=/dev/ram0 rw ohos.required_mount.system=/dev/block/vdb@/usr@ext4@ro,barrier=1@wait,required ohos.required_mount.vendor=/dev/block/vdc@/vendor@ext4@ro,barrier=1@wait,required ohos.required_mount.sys_prod=/dev/block/vde@/sys_prod@ext4@ro,barrier=1@wait,required ohos.required_mount.chip_prod=/dev/block/vdf@/chip_prod@ext4@ro,barrier=1@wait,required ohos.required_mount.data=/dev/block/vdd@/data@ext4@nosuid,nodev,noatime,barrier=1,data=ordered,noauto_da_alloc@wait,reservedsize=1073741824 ohos.required_mount.misc=/dev/block/vda@/misc@none@none=@wait,required'
+```
+
+卸载相关分区和本地回环设备：
+
+```shell
+$ umount ./boot
+$ losetup -d /dev/loop1
+```
+
+### USE Qemu to bootup
+
+使用 qemu 启动：
+```shell
+$ cd $workdir/image
+image_path=`pwd`
+qemu-system-riscv64 \
+    -name PolyOS-Mobile \
+    -machine virt \
+    -m 4096\
+    -smp 2 \
+    -no-reboot \
+	-bios ../u-boot/spl/u-boot-spl \
+	-device loader,file=../u-boot/u-boot.itb,addr=0x80200000 \
+    -drive if=none,file=${image_path}/boot.img,format=raw,id=boot,index=6 \
+	-device ahci,id=ahci -device ide-hd,bus=ahci.0,drive=boot \
+    -drive if=none,file=${image_path}/updater.img,format=raw,id=updater,index=5 \
+    -device virtio-blk-device,drive=updater \
+    -drive if=none,file=${image_path}/system.img,format=raw,id=system,index=4 \
+    -device virtio-blk-device,drive=system \
+    -drive if=none,file=${image_path}/vendor.img,format=raw,id=vendor,index=3 \
+    -device virtio-blk-device,drive=vendor \
+    -drive if=none,file=${image_path}/userdata.img,format=raw,id=userdata,index=2 \
+    -device virtio-blk-device,drive=userdata \
+    -drive if=none,file=${image_path}/sys_prod.img,format=raw,id=sys-prod,index=1 \
+    -device virtio-blk-device,drive=sys-prod \
+    -drive if=none,file=${image_path}/chip_prod.img,format=raw,id=chip-prod,index=0 \
+    -device virtio-blk-device,drive=chip-prod \
+    -append "loglevel=1 ip=192.168.137.2:192.168.137.1:192.168.137.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:off sn=0023456789 console=tty0,115200 console=ttyS0,115200 init=/bin/init ohos.boot.hardware=virt root=/dev/ram0 rw ohos.required_mount.system=/dev/block/vdb@/usr@ext4@ro,barrier=1@wait,required ohos.required_mount.vendor=/dev/block/vdc@/vendor@ext4@ro,barrier=1@wait,required ohos.required_mount.sys_prod=/dev/block/vde@/sys_prod@ext4@ro,barrier=1@wait,required ohos.required_mount.chip_prod=/dev/block/vdf@/chip_prod@ext4@ro,barrier=1@wait,required ohos.required_mount.data=/dev/block/vdd@/data@ext4@nosuid,nodev,noatime,barrier=1,data=ordered,noauto_da_alloc@wait,reservedsize=1073741824 ohos.required_mount.misc=/dev/block/vda@/misc@none@none=@wait,required" \
+    -kernel ${image_path}/Image \
+    -initrd ${image_path}/ramdisk.img \
+    -nographic \
+    -vga none \
+    -vnc :20 \
+    -device virtio-gpu-pci,xres=486,yres=864,max_outputs=1,addr=08.0 \
+    -monitor telnet:127.0.0.1:55555,server,nowait \
+    -device virtio-mouse-pci \
+    -device virtio-keyboard-pci \
+    -device es1370 \
+    -k en-us \
+    -display sdl,gl=off
+```