tar/src/misc.c

/* Miscellaneous functions, not really specific to GNU tar.

   Copyright (C) 1988, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001,
   2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
   Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
   version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General
   Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
   with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
   59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */

#include "system.h"
#include "rmt.h"
#include "common.h"
#include <quotearg.h>
#include <save-cwd.h>

static void call_arg_fatal (char const *, char const *)
     __attribute__ ((noreturn));

/* Handling strings.  */

/* Assign STRING to a copy of VALUE if not zero, or to zero.  If
   STRING was nonzero, it is freed first.  */
void
assign_string (char **string, const char *value)
{
  if (*string)
    free (*string);
  *string = value ? xstrdup (value) : 0;
}

/* Allocate a copy of the string quoted as in C, and returns that.  If
   the string does not have to be quoted, it returns a null pointer.
   The allocated copy should normally be freed with free() after the
   caller is done with it.

   This is used in one context only: generating the directory file in
   incremental dumps.  The quoted string is not intended for human
   consumption; it is intended only for unquote_string.  The quoting
   is locale-independent, so that users needn't worry about locale
   when reading directory files.  This means that we can't use
   quotearg, as quotearg is locale-dependent and is meant for human
   consumption.  */
char *
quote_copy_string (const char *string)
{
  const char *source = string;
  char *destination = 0;
  char *buffer = 0;
  int copying = 0;

  while (*source)
    {
      int character = *source++;

      switch (character)
	{
	case '\n': case '\\':
	  if (!copying)
	    {
	      size_t length = (source - string) - 1;

	      copying = 1;
	      buffer = xmalloc (length + 2 + 2 * strlen (source) + 1);
	      memcpy (buffer, string, length);
	      destination = buffer + length;
	    }
	  *destination++ = '\\';
	  *destination++ = character == '\\' ? '\\' : 'n';
	  break;

	default:
	  if (copying)
	    *destination++ = character;
	  break;
	}
    }
  if (copying)
    {
      *destination = '\0';
      return buffer;
    }
  return 0;
}

/* Takes a quoted C string (like those produced by quote_copy_string)
   and turns it back into the un-quoted original.  This is done in
   place.  Returns 0 only if the string was not properly quoted, but
   completes the unquoting anyway.

   This is used for reading the saved directory file in incremental
   dumps.  It is used for decoding old `N' records (demangling names).
   But also, it is used for decoding file arguments, would they come
   from the shell or a -T file, and for decoding the --exclude
   argument.  */
int
unquote_string (char *string)
{
  int result = 1;
  char *source = string;
  char *destination = string;

  /* Escape sequences other than \\ and \n are no longer generated by
     quote_copy_string, but accept them for backwards compatibility,
     and also because unquote_string is used for purposes other than
     parsing the output of quote_copy_string.  */

  while (*source)
    if (*source == '\\')
      switch (*++source)
	{
	case '\\':
	  *destination++ = '\\';
	  source++;
	  break;

	case 'n':
	  *destination++ = '\n';
	  source++;
	  break;

	case 't':
	  *destination++ = '\t';
	  source++;
	  break;

	case 'f':
	  *destination++ = '\f';
	  source++;
	  break;

	case 'b':
	  *destination++ = '\b';
	  source++;
	  break;

	case 'r':
	  *destination++ = '\r';
	  source++;
	  break;

	case '?':
	  *destination++ = 0177;
	  source++;
	  break;

	case '0':
	case '1':
	case '2':
	case '3':
	case '4':
	case '5':
	case '6':
	case '7':
	  {
	    int value = *source++ - '0';

	    if (*source < '0' || *source > '7')
	      {
		*destination++ = value;
		break;
	      }
	    value = value * 8 + *source++ - '0';
	    if (*source < '0' || *source > '7')
	      {
		*destination++ = value;
		break;
	      }
	    value = value * 8 + *source++ - '0';
	    *destination++ = value;
	    break;
	  }

	default:
	  result = 0;
	  *destination++ = '\\';
	  if (*source)
	    *destination++ = *source++;
	  break;
	}
    else if (source != destination)
      *destination++ = *source++;
    else
      source++, destination++;

  if (source != destination)
    *destination = '\0';
  return result;
}

/* File handling.  */

/* Saved names in case backup needs to be undone.  */
static char *before_backup_name;
static char *after_backup_name;

/* Return 1 if FILE_NAME is obviously "." or "/".  */
static bool
must_be_dot_or_slash (char const *file_name)
{
  file_name += FILE_SYSTEM_PREFIX_LEN (file_name);

  if (ISSLASH (file_name[0]))
    {
      for (;;)
	if (ISSLASH (file_name[1]))
	  file_name++;
	else if (file_name[1] == '.' 
                 && ISSLASH (file_name[2 + (file_name[2] == '.')]))
	  file_name += 2 + (file_name[2] == '.');
	else
	  return ! file_name[1];
    }
  else
    {
      while (file_name[0] == '.' && ISSLASH (file_name[1]))
	{
	  file_name += 2;
	  while (ISSLASH (*file_name))
	    file_name++;
	}

      return ! file_name[0] || (file_name[0] == '.' && ! file_name[1]);
    }
}

/* Some implementations of rmdir let you remove '.' or '/'.
   Report an error with errno set to zero for obvious cases of this;
   otherwise call rmdir.  */
static int
safer_rmdir (const char *file_name)
{
  if (must_be_dot_or_slash (file_name))
    {
      errno = 0;
      return -1;
    }

  return rmdir (file_name);
}

/* Remove FILE_NAME, returning 1 on success.  If FILE_NAME is a directory, 
   then if OPTION is RECURSIVE_REMOVE_OPTION is set remove FILE_NAME
   recursively; otherwise, remove it only if it is empty.  If FILE_NAME is
   a directory that cannot be removed (e.g., because it is nonempty)
   and if OPTION is WANT_DIRECTORY_REMOVE_OPTION, then return -1.
   Return 0 on error, with errno set; if FILE_NAME is obviously the working
   directory return zero with errno set to zero.  */
int
remove_any_file (const char *file_name, enum remove_option option)
{
  /* Try unlink first if we are not root, as this saves us a system
     call in the common case where we're removing a non-directory.  */
  if (! we_are_root)
    {
      if (unlink (file_name) == 0)
	return 1;

      /* POSIX 1003.1-2001 requires EPERM when attempting to unlink a
	 directory without appropriate privileges, but many Linux
	 kernels return the more-sensible EISDIR.  */
      if (errno != EPERM && errno != EISDIR)
	return 0;
    }

  if (safer_rmdir (file_name) == 0)
    return 1;

  switch (errno)
    {
    case ENOTDIR:
      return we_are_root && unlink (file_name) == 0;

    case 0:
    case EEXIST:
#if defined ENOTEMPTY && ENOTEMPTY != EEXIST
    case ENOTEMPTY:
#endif
      switch (option)
	{
	case ORDINARY_REMOVE_OPTION:
	  break;

	case WANT_DIRECTORY_REMOVE_OPTION:
	  return -1;

	case RECURSIVE_REMOVE_OPTION:
	  {
	    char *directory = savedir (file_name);
	    char const *entry;
	    size_t entrylen;

	    if (! directory)
	      return 0;

	    for (entry = directory;
		 (entrylen = strlen (entry)) != 0;
		 entry += entrylen + 1)
	      {
		char *file_name_buffer = new_name (file_name, entry);
		int r = remove_any_file (file_name_buffer, 1);
		int e = errno;
		free (file_name_buffer);

		if (! r)
		  {
		    free (directory);
		    errno = e;
		    return 0;
		  }
	      }

	    free (directory);
	    return safer_rmdir (file_name) == 0;
	  }
	}
      break;
    }

  return 0;
}

/* Check if FILE_NAME already exists and make a backup of it right now.
   Return success (nonzero) only if the backup is either unneeded, or
   successful.  For now, directories are considered to never need
   backup.  If THIS_IS_THE_ARCHIVE is nonzero, this is the archive and
   so, we do not have to backup block or character devices, nor remote
   entities.  */
bool
maybe_backup_file (const char *file_name, int this_is_the_archive)
{
  struct stat file_stat;

  /* Check if we really need to backup the file.  */

  if (this_is_the_archive && _remdev (file_name))
    return true;

  if (stat (file_name, &file_stat))
    {
      if (errno == ENOENT)
	return true;

      stat_error (file_name);
      return false;
    }

  if (S_ISDIR (file_stat.st_mode))
    return true;

  if (this_is_the_archive
      && (S_ISBLK (file_stat.st_mode) || S_ISCHR (file_stat.st_mode)))
    return true;

  assign_string (&before_backup_name, file_name);

  /* A run situation may exist between Emacs or other GNU programs trying to
     make a backup for the same file simultaneously.  If theoretically
     possible, real problems are unlikely.  Doing any better would require a
     convention, GNU-wide, for all programs doing backups.  */

  assign_string (&after_backup_name, 0);
  after_backup_name = find_backup_file_name (file_name, backup_type);
  if (! after_backup_name)
    xalloc_die ();

  if (rename (before_backup_name, after_backup_name) == 0)
    {
      if (verbose_option)
	fprintf (stdlis, _("Renaming %s to %s\n"),
		 quote_n (0, before_backup_name),
		 quote_n (1, after_backup_name));
      return true;
    }
  else
    {
      /* The backup operation failed.  */
      int e = errno;
      ERROR ((0, e, _("%s: Cannot rename to %s"),
	      quotearg_colon (before_backup_name),
	      quote_n (1, after_backup_name)));
      assign_string (&after_backup_name, 0);
      return false;
    }
}

/* Try to restore the recently backed up file to its original name.
   This is usually only needed after a failed extraction.  */
void
undo_last_backup (void)
{
  if (after_backup_name)
    {
      if (rename (after_backup_name, before_backup_name) != 0)
	{
	  int e = errno;
	  ERROR ((0, e, _("%s: Cannot rename to %s"),
		  quotearg_colon (after_backup_name),
		  quote_n (1, before_backup_name)));
	}
      if (verbose_option)
	fprintf (stdlis, _("Renaming %s back to %s\n"),
		 quote_n (0, after_backup_name),
		 quote_n (1, before_backup_name));
      assign_string (&after_backup_name, 0);
    }
}

/* Depending on DEREF, apply either stat or lstat to (NAME, BUF).  */
int
deref_stat (bool deref, char const *name, struct stat *buf)
{
  return deref ? stat (name, buf) : lstat (name, buf);
}

/* A description of a working directory.  */
struct wd
{
  char const *name;
  int saved;
  struct saved_cwd saved_cwd;
};

/* A vector of chdir targets.  wd[0] is the initial working directory.  */
static struct wd *wd;

/* The number of working directories in the vector.  */
static size_t wds;

/* The allocated size of the vector.  */
static size_t wd_alloc;

/* DIR is the operand of a -C option; add it to vector of chdir targets,
   and return the index of its location.  */
int
chdir_arg (char const *dir)
{
  if (wds == wd_alloc)
    {
      wd_alloc = 2 * (wd_alloc + 1);
      wd = xrealloc (wd, sizeof *wd * wd_alloc);
      if (! wds)
	{
	  wd[wds].name = ".";
	  wd[wds].saved = 0;
	  wds++;
	}
    }

  /* Optimize the common special case of the working directory,
     or the working directory as a prefix.  */
  if (dir[0])
    {
      while (dir[0] == '.' && ISSLASH (dir[1]))
	for (dir += 2;  ISSLASH (*dir);  dir++)
	  continue;
      if (! dir[dir[0] == '.'])
	return wds - 1;
    }

  wd[wds].name = dir;
  wd[wds].saved = 0;
  return wds++;
}

/* Change to directory I.  If I is 0, change to the initial working
   directory; otherwise, I must be a value returned by chdir_arg.  */
void
chdir_do (int i)
{
  static int previous;

  if (previous != i)
    {
      struct wd *prev = &wd[previous];
      struct wd *curr = &wd[i];

      if (! prev->saved)
	{
	  prev->saved = 1;
	  if (save_cwd (&prev->saved_cwd) != 0)
	    FATAL_ERROR ((0, 0, _("Cannot save working directory")));
	}

      if (curr->saved)
	{
	  if (restore_cwd (&curr->saved_cwd))
	    FATAL_ERROR ((0, 0, _("Cannot change working directory")));
	}
      else
	{
	  if (i && ! ISSLASH (curr->name[0]))
	    chdir_do (i - 1);
	  if (chdir (curr->name) != 0)
	    chdir_fatal (curr->name);
	}

      previous = i;
    }
}

/* Decode MODE from its binary form in a stat structure, and encode it
   into a 9-byte string STRING, terminated with a NUL.  */

void
decode_mode (mode_t mode, char *string)
{
  *string++ = mode & S_IRUSR ? 'r' : '-';
  *string++ = mode & S_IWUSR ? 'w' : '-';
  *string++ = (mode & S_ISUID
	       ? (mode & S_IXUSR ? 's' : 'S')
	       : (mode & S_IXUSR ? 'x' : '-'));
  *string++ = mode & S_IRGRP ? 'r' : '-';
  *string++ = mode & S_IWGRP ? 'w' : '-';
  *string++ = (mode & S_ISGID
	       ? (mode & S_IXGRP ? 's' : 'S')
	       : (mode & S_IXGRP ? 'x' : '-'));
  *string++ = mode & S_IROTH ? 'r' : '-';
  *string++ = mode & S_IWOTH ? 'w' : '-';
  *string++ = (mode & S_ISVTX
	       ? (mode & S_IXOTH ? 't' : 'T')
	       : (mode & S_IXOTH ? 'x' : '-'));
  *string = '\0';
}

/* Report an error associated with the system call CALL and the
   optional name NAME.  */
static void
call_arg_error (char const *call, char const *name)
{
  int e = errno;
  ERROR ((0, e, _("%s: Cannot %s"), quotearg_colon (name), call));
}

/* Report a fatal error associated with the system call CALL and
   the optional file name NAME.  */
static void
call_arg_fatal (char const *call, char const *name)
{
  int e = errno;
  FATAL_ERROR ((0, e, _("%s: Cannot %s"), quotearg_colon (name),  call));
}

/* Report a warning associated with the system call CALL and
   the optional file name NAME.  */
static void
call_arg_warn (char const *call, char const *name)
{
  int e = errno;
  WARN ((0, e, _("%s: Warning: Cannot %s"), quotearg_colon (name), call));
}

void
chdir_fatal (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_fatal ("chdir", name);
}

void
chmod_error_details (char const *name, mode_t mode)
{
  int e = errno;
  char buf[10];
  decode_mode (mode, buf);
  ERROR ((0, e, _("%s: Cannot change mode to %s"),
	  quotearg_colon (name), buf));
}

void
chown_error_details (char const *name, uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
{
  int e = errno;
  ERROR ((0, e, _("%s: Cannot change ownership to uid %lu, gid %lu"),
	  quotearg_colon (name), (unsigned long) uid, (unsigned long) gid));
}

void
close_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("close", name);
}

void
close_warn (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_warn ("close", name);
}

void
close_diag (char const *name)
{
  if (ignore_failed_read_option)
    close_warn (name);
  else
    close_error (name);
}

void
exec_fatal (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_fatal ("exec", name);
}

void
link_error (char const *target, char const *source)
{
  int e = errno;
  ERROR ((0, e, _("%s: Cannot hard link to %s"),
	  quotearg_colon (source), quote_n (1, target)));
}

void
mkdir_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("mkdir", name);
}

void
mkfifo_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("mkfifo", name);
}

void
mknod_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("mknod", name);
}

void
open_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("open", name);
}

void
open_fatal (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_fatal ("open", name);
}

void
open_warn (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_warn ("open", name);
}

void
open_diag (char const *name)
{
  if (ignore_failed_read_option)
    open_warn (name);
  else
    open_error (name);
}

void
read_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("read", name);
}

void
read_error_details (char const *name, off_t offset, size_t size)
{
  char buf[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
  int e = errno;
  ERROR ((0, e,
	  ngettext ("%s: Read error at byte %s, reading %lu byte",
		    "%s: Read error at byte %s, reading %lu bytes",
		    size),
	  quotearg_colon (name), STRINGIFY_BIGINT (offset, buf),
	  (unsigned long) size));
}

void
read_warn_details (char const *name, off_t offset, size_t size)
{
  char buf[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
  int e = errno;
  WARN ((0, e,
	 ngettext ("%s: Warning: Read error at byte %s, reading %lu byte",
		   "%s: Warning: Read error at byte %s, reading %lu bytes",
		   size),
	 quotearg_colon (name), STRINGIFY_BIGINT (offset, buf),
	 (unsigned long) size));
}

void
read_diag_details (char const *name, off_t offset, size_t size)
{
  if (ignore_failed_read_option)
    read_warn_details (name, offset, size);
  else
    read_error_details (name, offset, size);
}

void
read_fatal (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_fatal ("read", name);
}

void
read_fatal_details (char const *name, off_t offset, size_t size)
{
  char buf[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
  int e = errno;
  FATAL_ERROR ((0, e,
		ngettext ("%s: Read error at byte %s, reading %lu byte",
			  "%s: Read error at byte %s, reading %lu bytes",
			  size),
		quotearg_colon (name), STRINGIFY_BIGINT (offset, buf),
		(unsigned long) size));
}

void
readlink_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("readlink", name);
}

void
readlink_warn (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_warn ("readlink", name);
}

void
readlink_diag (char const *name)
{
  if (ignore_failed_read_option)
    readlink_warn (name);
  else
    readlink_error (name);
}

void
savedir_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("savedir", name);
}

void
savedir_warn (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_warn ("savedir", name);
}

void
savedir_diag (char const *name)
{
  if (ignore_failed_read_option)
    savedir_warn (name);
  else
    savedir_error (name);
}

void
seek_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("seek", name);
}

void
seek_error_details (char const *name, off_t offset)
{
  char buf[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
  int e = errno;
  ERROR ((0, e, _("%s: Cannot seek to %s"),
	  quotearg_colon (name),
	  STRINGIFY_BIGINT (offset, buf)));
}

void
seek_warn (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_warn ("seek", name);
}

void
seek_warn_details (char const *name, off_t offset)
{
  char buf[UINTMAX_STRSIZE_BOUND];
  int e = errno;
  WARN ((0, e, _("%s: Warning: Cannot seek to %s"),
	 quotearg_colon (name),
	 STRINGIFY_BIGINT (offset, buf)));
}

void
seek_diag_details (char const *name, off_t offset)
{
  if (ignore_failed_read_option)
    seek_warn_details (name, offset);
  else
    seek_error_details (name, offset);
}

void
symlink_error (char const *contents, char const *name)
{
  int e = errno;
  ERROR ((0, e, _("%s: Cannot create symlink to %s"),
	  quotearg_colon (name), quote_n (1, contents)));
}

void
stat_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("stat", name);
}

void
stat_warn (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_warn ("stat", name);
}

void
stat_diag (char const *name)
{
  if (ignore_failed_read_option)
    stat_warn (name);
  else
    stat_error (name);
}

void
truncate_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("truncate", name);
}

void
truncate_warn (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_warn ("truncate", name);
}

void
unlink_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("unlink", name);
}

void
utime_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("utime", name);
}

void
waitpid_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("waitpid", name);
}

void
write_error (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_error ("write", name);
}

void
write_error_details (char const *name, size_t status, size_t size)
{
  if (status == 0)
    write_error (name);
  else
    ERROR ((0, 0,
	    ngettext ("%s: Wrote only %lu of %lu byte",
		      "%s: Wrote only %lu of %lu bytes",
		      size),
	    name, (unsigned long int) status, (unsigned long int) size));
}

void
write_fatal (char const *name)
{
  call_arg_fatal ("write", name);
}

void
write_fatal_details (char const *name, ssize_t status, size_t size)
{
  write_error_details (name, status, size);
  fatal_exit ();
}


/* Fork, aborting if unsuccessful.  */
pid_t
xfork (void)
{
  pid_t p = fork ();
  if (p == (pid_t) -1)
    call_arg_fatal ("fork", _("child process"));
  return p;
}

/* Create a pipe, aborting if unsuccessful.  */
void
xpipe (int fd[2])
{
  if (pipe (fd) < 0)
    call_arg_fatal ("pipe", _("interprocess channel"));
}

/* Return PTR, aligned upward to the next multiple of ALIGNMENT.
   ALIGNMENT must be nonzero.  The caller must arrange for ((char *)
   PTR) through ((char *) PTR + ALIGNMENT - 1) to be addressable
   locations.  */

static inline void *
ptr_align (void *ptr, size_t alignment)
{
  char *p0 = ptr;
  char *p1 = p0 + alignment - 1;
  return p1 - (size_t) p1 % alignment;
}

/* Return the address of a page-aligned buffer of at least SIZE bytes.
   The caller should free *PTR when done with the buffer.  */

void *
page_aligned_alloc (void **ptr, size_t size)
{
  size_t alignment = getpagesize ();
  size_t size1 = size + alignment;
  if (size1 < size)
    xalloc_die ();
  *ptr = xmalloc (size1);
  return ptr_align (*ptr, alignment);
}