|  | @@ -685,16 +685,16 @@ file system.  You should have some basic understanding of directory
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				|  |  |  structure and how files are named according to which directory they are
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				|  |  |  in.  You should understand concepts such as standard output and standard
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				|  |  |  input, what various definitions of the term ``argument'' mean, and the
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				|  |  | -differences between relative and absolute path names.  @FIXME{and what
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				|  |  | +differences between relative and absolute file names.  @FIXME{and what
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				|  |  |  else?}
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  @item
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				|  |  |  This manual assumes that you are working from your own home directory
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				|  |  |  (unless we state otherwise).  In this tutorial, you will create a
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				|  |  | -directory to practice @command{tar} commands in.  When we show path names,
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				|  |  | -we will assume that those paths are relative to your home directory.
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				|  |  | -For example, my home directory path is @file{/home/fsf/melissa}.  All of
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				|  |  | -my examples are in a subdirectory of the directory named by that path
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				|  |  | +directory to practice @command{tar} commands in.  When we show file names,
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				|  |  | +we will assume that those names are relative to your home directory.
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				|  |  | +For example, my home directory is @file{/home/fsf/melissa}.  All of
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				|  |  | +my examples are in a subdirectory of the directory named by that file
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				|  |  |  name; the subdirectory is called @file{practice}.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  @item
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				|  | @@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ format=verbose, Verbose listing, fileutils, GNU file utilities}).
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  @item Owner name and group separated by a slash character.
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				|  |  |  If these data are not available (for example, when listing a @samp{v7} format
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				|  |  | -archive), numeric ID values are printed instead.
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				|  |  | +archive), numeric @acronym{ID} values are printed instead.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  @item Size of the file, in bytes.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  | @@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ is a subdirectory of your home directory.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  Now @command{cd} to the directory named @file{practice}; @file{practice}
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				|  |  |  is now your @dfn{working directory}.  (@emph{Please note}: Although
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				|  |  | -the full path name of this directory is
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				|  |  | +the full file name of this directory is
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				|  |  |  @file{/@var{homedir}/practice}, in our examples we will refer to
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				|  |  |  this directory as @file{practice}; the @var{homedir} is presumed.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  | @@ -1459,7 +1459,7 @@ using @samp{list}.  In this case, @command{tar} will only list the
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				|  |  |  names of members you identify.  For example, @w{@kbd{tar --list
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				|  |  |  --file=afiles.tar apple}} would only print @file{apple}.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  | -Because @command{tar} preserves paths, file names must be specified as
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				|  |  | +Because @command{tar} preserves file names, these must be specified as
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				|  |  |  they appear in the archive (i.e., relative to the directory from which
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				|  |  |  the archive was created).  Therefore, it is essential when specifying
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				|  |  |  member names to @command{tar} that you give the exact member names.
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				|  | @@ -2558,7 +2558,7 @@ command-line.  @xref{files}.
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				|  |  |  @opsummary{force-local}
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				|  |  |  @item --force-local
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  | -Forces @command{tar} to interpret the filename given to @option{--file}
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				|  |  | +Forces @command{tar} to interpret the file name given to @option{--file}
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				|  |  |  as a local file, even if it looks like a remote tape drive name.
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				|  |  |  @xref{local and remote archives}.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  | @@ -2595,10 +2595,10 @@ Creates a @acronym{POSIX.1-2001 archive}.
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				|  |  |  @opsummary{group}
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				|  |  |  @item --group=@var{group}
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  | -Files added to the @command{tar} archive will have a group id of @var{group},
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				|  |  | +Files added to the @command{tar} archive will have a group @acronym{ID} of @var{group},
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				|  |  |  rather than the group from the source file.  @var{group} is first decoded
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				|  |  |  as a group symbolic name, but if this interpretation fails, it has to be
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				|  |  | -a decimal numeric group ID.  @xref{override}.
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				|  |  | +a decimal numeric group @acronym{ID}.  @xref{override}.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  Also see the comments for the @option{--owner=@var{user}} option.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  | @@ -2647,7 +2647,7 @@ archive, which normally signals EOF.  @xref{Reading}.
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				|  |  |  @item --incremental
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				|  |  |  @itemx -G
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  | -Used to inform @command{tar} that it is working with an old
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				|  |  | +Informs @command{tar} that it is working with an old
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				|  |  |  @acronym{GNU}-format incremental backup archive.  It is intended
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				|  |  |  primarily for backwards compatibility only.  @xref{Incremental Dumps},
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				|  |  |  for a detailed discussion of incremental archives.
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				|  | @@ -2775,9 +2775,10 @@ An exclude pattern can match any subsequence of the name's components.
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				|  |  |  @opsummary{no-delay-directory-restore}
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				|  |  |  @item --no-delay-directory-restore
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  | -Setting modification times and permissions of extracted
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				|  |  | -directories when all files from this directory has been
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				|  |  | -extracted. This is the default. @xref{Directory Modification Times and Permissions}.
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				|  |  | +Modification times and permissions of extracted
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				|  |  | +directories are set when all files from this directory have been
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				|  |  | +extracted.  This is the default.
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				|  |  | +@xref{Directory Modification Times and Permissions}.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  @opsummary{no-ignore-case}
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				|  |  |  @item --no-ignore-case
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				|  | @@ -2786,7 +2787,7 @@ Use case-sensitive matching.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  @opsummary{no-ignore-command-error}
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				|  |  |  @item --no-ignore-command-error
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				|  |  | -Print warnings about subprocesses terminated with a non-zero exit
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				|  |  | +Print warnings about subprocesses that terminated with a nonzero exit
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				|  |  |  code. @xref{Writing to an External Program}.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  @opsummary{no-overwrite-dir}
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				|  | @@ -2841,7 +2842,7 @@ Wildcards do not match @samp{/}.
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				|  |  |  @item --null
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  When @command{tar} is using the @option{--files-from} option, this option
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				|  |  | -instructs @command{tar} to expect filenames terminated with @option{NUL}, so
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				|  |  | +instructs @command{tar} to expect file names terminated with @acronym{NUL}, so
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				|  |  |  @command{tar} can correctly work with file names that contain newlines.
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				|  |  |  @xref{nul}.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  | @@ -2861,7 +2862,7 @@ restoring ownership of files being extracted.
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				|  |  |  When creating an archive, it is a synonym for
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				|  |  |  @option{--old-archive}.  This behavior is for compatibility
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				|  |  |  with previous versions of @GNUTAR{}, and will be
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				|  |  | -removed in the future releases.
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				|  |  | +removed in future releases.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  @xref{Changes}, for more information.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  | @@ -2914,7 +2915,7 @@ from an archive.  @xref{Overwrite Old Files}.
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				|  |  |  Specifies that @command{tar} should use @var{user} as the owner of members
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				|  |  |  when creating archives, instead of the user associated with the source
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				|  |  |  file.  @var{user} is first decoded as a user symbolic name, but if
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				|  |  | -this interpretation fails, it has to be a decimal numeric user ID.
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				|  |  | +this interpretation fails, it has to be a decimal numeric user @acronym{ID}.
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				|  |  |  @xref{override}.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  This option does not affect extraction from archives.
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				|  | @@ -3008,7 +3009,7 @@ archive.  @xref{Blocking Factor}.
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				|  |  |  @opsummary{recursion}
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				|  |  |  @item --recursion
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  | -With this option, @command{tar} recurses into directories.
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				|  |  | +With this option, @command{tar} recurses into directories (default).
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				|  |  |  @xref{recurse}.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  @opsummary{recursive-unlink}
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				|  | @@ -3082,7 +3083,7 @@ $ tar --show-defaults
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				|  |  |  @opsummary{show-omitted-dirs}
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				|  |  |  @item --show-omitted-dirs
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  | -Instructs @command{tar} to mention directories its skipping over when
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				|  |  | +Instructs @command{tar} to mention the directories it is skipping when
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				|  |  |  operating on a @command{tar} archive.  @xref{show-omitted-dirs}.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  @opsummary{show-transformed-names}
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -3092,8 +3093,8 @@ operating on a @command{tar} archive.  @xref{show-omitted-dirs}.
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				|  |  |  
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				|  |  |  Display file or member names after applying any transformations
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  (@pxref{transform}).  In particular, when used in conjunction with one of
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				|  |  | -archive creation operations it instructs tar to list the member names
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				|  |  | -stored in the archive, as opposed to the actual file
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				|  |  | +the archive creation operations it instructs @command{tar} to list the
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				|  |  | +member names stored in the archive, as opposed to the actual file
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				|  |  |  names.  @xref{listing member and file names}.
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				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @opsummary{sparse}
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				|  | @@ -3106,7 +3107,7 @@ sparse files efficiently.  @xref{sparse}.
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				|  |  |  @opsummary{sparse-version}
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				|  |  |  @item --sparse-version=@var{version}
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				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -Specified the @dfn{format version} to use when archiving sparse
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +Specifies the @dfn{format version} to use when archiving sparse
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  files.  Implies @option{--sparse}.  @xref{sparse}. For the description
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				|  |  |  of the supported sparse formats, @xref{Sparse Formats}.
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				|  |  |  
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -3121,8 +3122,7 @@ files in the archive until it finds one that matches @var{name}.
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				|  |  |  @opsummary{strip-components}
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				|  |  |  @item --strip-components=@var{number}
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				|  |  |  Strip given @var{number} of leading components from file names before
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -extraction.@footnote{This option was called @option{--strip-path} in
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -version 1.14.} For example, if archive @file{archive.tar} contained
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +extraction.  For example, if archive @file{archive.tar} contained
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				|  |  |  @file{/some/file/name}, then running
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @smallexample
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -3218,9 +3218,9 @@ Display file modification dates in @acronym{UTC}.  This option implies
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				|  |  |  @item --verbose
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @itemx -v
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				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -Specifies that @command{tar} should be more verbose about the operations its
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -performing.  This option can be specified multiple times for some
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -operations to increase the amount of information displayed.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +Specifies that @command{tar} should be more verbose about the
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +operations it is performing.  This option can be specified multiple
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +times for some operations to increase the amount of information displayed.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @xref{verbose}.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @opsummary{verify}
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -3241,7 +3241,7 @@ status, all on standard output, and then exit successfully.
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				|  |  |  @item --volno-file=@var{file}
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				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  Used in conjunction with @option{--multi-volume}.  @command{tar} will
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -keep track of which volume of a multi-volume archive its working in
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +keep track of which volume of a multi-volume archive it is working in
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @var{file}.  @xref{volno-file}.
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				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @opsummary{wildcards}
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -3328,7 +3328,7 @@ them with the equivalent long option.
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				|  |  |  @ref{--portability}.
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				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  The later usage is deprecated.  It is retained for compatibility with
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -the earlier versions of @GNUTAR{}.  In the future releases
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +the earlier versions of @GNUTAR{}.  In future releases
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @option{-o} will be equivalent to @option{--no-same-owner} only.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item -p @tab @ref{--preserve-permissions}.
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -4388,7 +4388,7 @@ tar: Option --mtime: Treating date `yesterday' as 2006-06-20
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				|  |  |  Specifies that @command{tar} should use @var{user} as the owner of members
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  when creating archives, instead of the user associated with the source
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  file.  The argument @var{user} can be either an existing user symbolic
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -name, or a decimal numeric user ID.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +name, or a decimal numeric user @acronym{ID}.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  There is no value indicating a missing number, and @samp{0} usually means
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @code{root}.  Some people like to force @samp{0} as the value to offer in
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				|  | @@ -4407,9 +4407,9 @@ $ @kbd{tar -c -f archive.tar --owner=root .}
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				|  |  |  @item --group=@var{group}
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @opindex group
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -Files added to the @command{tar} archive will have a group id of @var{group},
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +Files added to the @command{tar} archive will have a group @acronym{ID} of @var{group},
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  rather than the group from the source file.  The argument @var{group}
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -can be either an existing group symbolic name, or a decimal numeric group ID.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +can be either an existing group symbolic name, or a decimal numeric group @acronym{ID}.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @end table
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @node Ignore Failed Read
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -4461,7 +4461,7 @@ in conjunction with the @option{--extract} or @option{--list} operations.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  The @option{--read-full-records} (@option{-B}) option is turned on by default when
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @command{tar} reads an archive from standard input, or from a remote
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -machine.  This is because on BSD Unix systems, attempting to read a
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +machine.  This is because on @acronym{BSD} Unix systems, attempting to read a
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  pipe returns however much happens to be in the pipe, even if it is
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  less than was requested.  If this option were not enabled, @command{tar}
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  would fail as soon as it read an incomplete record from the pipe.
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -5635,7 +5635,7 @@ in a separate file.  This file is usually named
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				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @defvr {Backup variable} DIRLIST
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -A path to the file containing the list of the file systems to backup
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +The name of the file that contains a list of file systems to backup
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  or restore.  By default it is @file{/etc/backup/dirs}.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @end defvr
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -5653,7 +5653,7 @@ in a separate file.  This file is usually named
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @defvr {Backup variable} FILELIST
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -A path to the file containing the list of the individual files to backup
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +The name of the file that contains a list of individual files to backup
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  or restore.  By default it is @file{/etc/backup/files}.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @end defvr
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -5804,7 +5804,7 @@ Current backup or restore level.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  Name or IP address of the host machine being dumped or restored.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item fs
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -Full path name to the file system being dumped or restored.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +Full file name of the file system being dumped or restored.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item fsname
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  File system name with directory separators replaced with colons.  This
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -6227,15 +6227,15 @@ table:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @multitable @columnfractions 0.20 0.60
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @headitem Escape @tab Replaced with
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item \a         @tab Audible bell (ASCII 7)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item \b         @tab Backspace (ASCII 8)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item \f         @tab Form feed (ASCII 12)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item \n         @tab New line (ASCII 10)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item \r         @tab Carriage return (ASCII 13)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item \t         @tab Horizontal tabulation (ASCII 9)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item \v         @tab Vertical tabulation (ASCII 11)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item \?         @tab ASCII 127
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item \@var{n}   @tab ASCII @var{n} (@var{n} should be an octal number
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item \a         @tab Audible bell (@acronym{ASCII} 7)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item \b         @tab Backspace (@acronym{ASCII} 8)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item \f         @tab Form feed (@acronym{ASCII} 12)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item \n         @tab New line (@acronym{ASCII} 10)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item \r         @tab Carriage return (@acronym{ASCII} 13)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item \t         @tab Horizontal tabulation (@acronym{ASCII} 9)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item \v         @tab Vertical tabulation (@acronym{ASCII} 11)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item \?         @tab @acronym{ASCII} 127
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item \@var{n}   @tab @acronym{ASCII} @var{n} (@var{n} should be an octal number
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |                   of up to 3 digits)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @end multitable
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -6623,8 +6623,8 @@ pitfalls:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @itemize @bullet
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -The main operating mode of @command{tar} does not act on a path name
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -explicitly listed on the command line if one of its file name
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +The main operating mode of @command{tar} does not act on a file name
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +explicitly listed on the command line, if one of its file name
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  components is excluded.  In the example above, if
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  you create an archive and exclude files that end with @samp{*.o}, but
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  explicitly name the file @samp{dir.o/foo} after all the options have been
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -6886,7 +6886,7 @@ quoting}.  The characters in question are:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item Non-printable control characters:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @multitable @columnfractions 0.20 0.10 0.60
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@headitem Character @tab ASCII @tab Character name
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@headitem Character @tab @acronym{ASCII} @tab Character name
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item \a @tab 7  @tab Audible bell
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item \b @tab 8  @tab Backspace
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item \f @tab 12 @tab Form feed
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -6896,7 +6896,7 @@ quoting}.  The characters in question are:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item \v @tab 11 @tab Vertical tabulation
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @end multitable
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item Space (ASCII 32)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item Space (@acronym{ASCII} 32)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item Single and double quotes (@samp{'} and @samp{"})
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -7783,7 +7783,7 @@ sparse file handling and incremental archives.  Unfortunately these
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  features were implemented in a way incompatible with other archive
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  formats.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -Archives in @samp{gnu} format are able to hold pathnames of unlimited
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +Archives in @samp{gnu} format are able to hold file names of unlimited
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  length.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item oldgnu
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -7799,7 +7799,7 @@ are:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item The maximum length of a symbolic link is limited to 99 characters.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item It is impossible to store special files (block and character
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  devices, fifos etc.)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item Maximum value of user or group ID is limited to 2097151 (7777777
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item Maximum value of user or group @acronym{ID} is limited to 2097151 (7777777
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  octal)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item V7 archives do not contain symbolic ownership information (user
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  and group name of the file owner).
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -7807,7 +7807,7 @@ and group name of the file owner).
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  This format has traditionally been used by Automake when producing
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  Makefiles.  This practice will change in the future, in the meantime,
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -however this means that projects containing filenames more than 99
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +however this means that projects containing file names more than 99
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  characters long will not be able to use @GNUTAR{} @value{VERSION} and
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  Automake prior to 1.9.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -7818,7 +7818,7 @@ special files.  However, it imposes several restrictions as well:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @enumerate
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item The maximum length of a file name is limited to 256 characters,
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -provided that the filename can be split at directory separator in
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +provided that the file name can be split at a directory separator in
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  two parts, first of them being at most 155 bytes long.  So, in most
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  cases the maximum file name length will be shorter than 256
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  characters.
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -7838,7 +7838,7 @@ currently does not produce them.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item posix
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  Archive format defined by @acronym{POSIX.1-2001} specification.  This is the
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  most flexible and feature-rich format.  It does not impose any
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -restrictions on file sizes or filename lengths.  This format is quite
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +restrictions on file sizes or file name lengths.  This format is quite
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  recent, so not all tar implementations are able to handle it properly.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  However, this format is designed in such a way that any tar
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  implementation able to read @samp{ustar} archives will be able to read
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -7855,7 +7855,7 @@ The following table summarizes the limitations of each of these
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  formats:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @multitable @columnfractions .10 .20 .20 .20 .20
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@headitem Format @tab UID @tab File Size @tab Path Name @tab Devn
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@headitem Format @tab UID @tab File Size @tab File Name @tab Devn
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item gnu    @tab 1.8e19 @tab Unlimited @tab Unlimited @tab 63
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item oldgnu @tab 1.8e19 @tab Unlimited @tab Unlimited @tab 63
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item v7     @tab 2097151 @tab 8GB @tab 99 @tab n/a
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -8254,11 +8254,11 @@ makes quite difficult to correctly account users for the disk space
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  they occupy.  Also, the @code{suid} or @code{sgid} attributes of
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  files are easily and silently lost when files are given away.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -When writing an archive, @command{tar} writes the user id and user name
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -separately.  If it can't find a user name (because the user id is not
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +When writing an archive, @command{tar} writes the user @acronym{ID} and user name
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +separately.  If it can't find a user name (because the user @acronym{ID} is not
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  in @file{/etc/passwd}), then it does not write one.  When restoring,
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  it tries to look the name (if one was written) up in
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@file{/etc/passwd}.  If it fails, then it uses the user id stored in
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@file{/etc/passwd}.  If it fails, then it uses the user @acronym{ID} stored in
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  the archive instead.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @opindex no-same-owner
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -8371,7 +8371,7 @@ archives and archive labels) in GNU and PAX formats.}
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @subsection Portable Names
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  Use portable file and member names.  A name is portable if it contains
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -only ASCII letters and digits, @samp{/}, @samp{.}, @samp{_}, and
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +only @acronym{ASCII} letters and digits, @samp{/}, @samp{.}, @samp{_}, and
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @samp{-}; it cannot be empty, start with @samp{-} or @samp{//}, or
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  contain @samp{/-}.  Avoid deep directory nesting.  For portability to
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  old Unix hosts, limit your file name components to 14 characters or
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -8473,7 +8473,7 @@ incompatible with the current @acronym{POSIX} specification, and with
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @command{tar} programs that follow it.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  In the majority of cases, @command{tar} will be configured to create
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -this format by default.  This will change in the future releases, since
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +this format by default.  This will change in future releases, since
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  we plan to make @samp{POSIX} format the default.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  To force creation a @GNUTAR{} archive, use option
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -8520,7 +8520,7 @@ When used in extract or list mode, this option instructs tar
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  to ignore any keywords matching the given @var{pattern} in the extended
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  header records.  In both cases, matching is performed using the pattern
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  matching notation described in @acronym{POSIX 1003.2}, 3.13
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -(@pxref{wildcards}). For example:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +(@pxref{wildcards}).  For example:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @smallexample
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  --pax-option delete=security.*
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -8537,10 +8537,11 @@ from @var{string} after making the following substitutions:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @multitable @columnfractions .25 .55
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @headitem Meta-character @tab Replaced By
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item %d @tab  The directory name of the file, equivalent to the
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -result of the @command{dirname} utility on the translated pathname.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item %f @tab  The filename of the file, equivalent to the result
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -of the @command{basename} utility on the translated pathname.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item %p @tab  The process ID of the @command{tar} process.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +result of the @command{dirname} utility on the translated file name.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item %f @tab  The name of the file with the directory information
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +stripped, equivalent to the result of the @command{basename} utility
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +on the translated file name. 
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item %p @tab  The process @acronym{ID} of the @command{tar} process.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item %% @tab  A @samp{%} character.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @end multitable
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -8565,7 +8566,7 @@ the following substitutions:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item %n @tab An integer that represents the
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  sequence number of the global extended header record in the archive,
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  starting at 1.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item %p @tab The process ID of the @command{tar} process.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item %p @tab The process @acronym{ID} of the @command{tar} process.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item %% @tab A @samp{%} character.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @end multitable
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -8616,7 +8617,7 @@ stored in the archive.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @subsection Checksumming Problems
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  SunOS and HP-UX @command{tar} fail to accept archives created using
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@GNUTAR{} and containing non-ASCII file names, that
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@GNUTAR{} and containing non-@acronym{ASCII} file names, that
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  is, file names having characters with the eight bit set, because they
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  use signed checksums, while @GNUTAR{} uses unsigned
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  checksums while creating archives, as per @acronym{POSIX} standards.  On
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -8671,7 +8672,7 @@ choose, bear in mind that the @acronym{GNU} format uses
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  two's-complement base-256 notation to store values that do not fit
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  into standard @acronym{ustar} range.  Such archives can generally be
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  read only by a @GNUTAR{} implementation.  Moreover, they sometimes
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -cannot be correctly restored on another hosts even by @GNUTAR{}. For
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +cannot be correctly restored on another hosts even by @GNUTAR{}.  For
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  example, using two's complement representation for negative time
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  stamps that assumes a signed 32-bit @code{time_t} generates archives
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  that are not portable to hosts with differing @code{time_t}
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -8748,14 +8749,14 @@ have the following meaning:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  result of the @command{dirname} utility on its full name.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item %f @tab  The file name of the file, equivalent to the result
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  of the @command{basename} utility on its full name.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@item %p @tab  The process ID of the @command{tar} process that
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@item %p @tab  The process @acronym{ID} of the @command{tar} process that
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  created the archive.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item %n @tab  Ordinal number of this particular part.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @end multitable
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  For example, if the file @file{var/longfile} was split during archive
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  creation between three volumes, and the creator @command{tar} process
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -had process ID @samp{27962}, then the member names will be:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +had process @acronym{ID} @samp{27962}, then the member names will be:
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @smallexample
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  var/longfile
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -8839,7 +8840,7 @@ additional data will be needed to restore it.  If the original file
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  name was @file{@var{dir}/@var{name}}, then the condensed file will be
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  named @file{@var{dir}/@/GNUSparseFile.@var{n}/@/@var{name}}, where
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @var{n} is a decimal number@footnote{technically speaking, @var{n} is a
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@dfn{process ID} of the @command{tar} process which created the
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@dfn{process @acronym{ID}} of the @command{tar} process which created the
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  archive (@pxref{PAX keywords}).}.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  To expand a version 1.0 file, run @command{xsparse} as follows:
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -9043,20 +9044,20 @@ Done
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @FIXME{Reorganize the following material}
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  The @command{cpio} archive formats, like @command{tar}, do have maximum
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -pathname lengths.  The binary and old ASCII formats have a max path
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -length of 256, and the new ASCII and CRC ASCII formats have a max
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -path length of 1024.  @acronym{GNU} @command{cpio} can read and write archives
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -with arbitrary pathname lengths, but other @command{cpio} implementations
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +file name lengths.  The binary and old @acronym{ASCII} formats have a maximum file
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +length of 256, and the new @acronym{ASCII} and @acronym{CRC ASCII} formats have a max
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +file length of 1024.  @acronym{GNU} @command{cpio} can read and write archives
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +with arbitrary file name lengths, but other @command{cpio} implementations
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  may crash unexplainedly trying to read them.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@command{tar} handles symbolic links in the form in which it comes in BSD;
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@command{tar} handles symbolic links in the form in which it comes in @acronym{BSD};
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @command{cpio} doesn't handle symbolic links in the form in which it comes
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  in System V prior to SVR4, and some vendors may have added symlinks
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  to their system without enhancing @command{cpio} to know about them.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  Others may have enhanced it in a way other than the way I did it
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  at Sun, and which was adopted by AT&T (and which is, I think, also
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  present in the @command{cpio} that Berkeley picked up from AT&T and put
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -into a later BSD release---I think I gave them my changes).
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +into a later @acronym{BSD} release---I think I gave them my changes).
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  (SVR4 does some funny stuff with @command{tar}; basically, its @command{cpio}
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  can handle @command{tar} format input, and write it on output, and it
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -9065,16 +9066,16 @@ anything to enhance @command{tar} as a result.)
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @command{cpio} handles special files; traditional @command{tar} doesn't.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@command{tar} comes with V7, System III, System V, and BSD source;
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@command{cpio} comes only with System III, System V, and later BSD
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@command{tar} comes with V7, System III, System V, and @acronym{BSD} source;
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@command{cpio} comes only with System III, System V, and later @acronym{BSD}
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  (4.3-tahoe and later).
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @command{tar}'s way of handling multiple hard links to a file can handle
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -file systems that support 32-bit inumbers (e.g., the BSD file system);
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -@command{cpio}s way requires you to play some games (in its "binary"
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -format, i-numbers are only 16 bits, and in its "portable ASCII" format,
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -they're 18 bits---it would have to play games with the "file system ID"
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -field of the header to make sure that the file system ID/i-number pairs
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +file systems that support 32-bit inumbers (e.g., the @acronym{BSD} file system);
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +@command{cpio}s way requires you to play some games (in its ``binary''
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +format, i-numbers are only 16 bits, and in its ``portable @acronym{ASCII}'' format,
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +they're 18 bits---it would have to play games with the "file system @acronym{ID}"
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +field of the header to make sure that the file system @acronym{ID}/i-number pairs
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  of different files were always different), and I don't know which
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @command{cpio}s, if any, play those games.  Those that don't might get
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  confused and think two files are the same file when they're not, and
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -9375,7 +9376,7 @@ that can be backspaced with the @code{MTIOCTOP} @code{ioctl}.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  This means that the @option{--append}, @option{--concatenate}, and
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @option{--delete} commands will not work on any other kind of file.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  Some media simply cannot be backspaced, which means these commands and
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -options will never be able to work on them. These non-backspacing
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +options will never be able to work on them.  These non-backspacing
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  media include pipes and cartridge tape drives.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  Some other media can be backspaced, and @command{tar} will work on them
 | 
	
	
		
			
				|  | @@ -9753,17 +9754,17 @@ are stored on a single physical tape.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @xopindex{read-full-records, short description}
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @item -B
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  @itemx --read-full-records
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -Reblock as we read (for reading 4.2BSD pipes).
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +Reblock as we read (for reading 4.2@acronym{BSD} pipes).
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  If @option{--read-full-records} is used, @command{tar}
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  will not panic if an attempt to read a record from the archive does
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -not return a full record. Instead, @command{tar} will keep reading
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +not return a full record.  Instead, @command{tar} will keep reading
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  until it has obtained a full
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  record.
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  This option is turned on by default when @command{tar} is reading
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  an archive from standard input, or from a remote machine.  This is
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | -because on BSD Unix systems, a read of a pipe will return however
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  | +because on @acronym{BSD} Unix systems, a read of a pipe will return however
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  much happens to be in the pipe, even if it is less than @command{tar}
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  requested.  If this option was not used, @command{tar} would fail as
 | 
	
		
			
				|  |  |  soon as it read an incomplete record from the pipe.
 |