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@@ -685,16 +685,16 @@ file system. You should have some basic understanding of directory
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structure and how files are named according to which directory they are
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structure and how files are named according to which directory they are
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in. You should understand concepts such as standard output and standard
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in. You should understand concepts such as standard output and standard
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input, what various definitions of the term ``argument'' mean, and the
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input, what various definitions of the term ``argument'' mean, and the
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-differences between relative and absolute path names. @FIXME{and what
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+differences between relative and absolute file names. @FIXME{and what
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else?}
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else?}
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@item
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@item
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This manual assumes that you are working from your own home directory
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This manual assumes that you are working from your own home directory
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(unless we state otherwise). In this tutorial, you will create a
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(unless we state otherwise). In this tutorial, you will create a
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-directory to practice @command{tar} commands in. When we show path names,
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-we will assume that those paths are relative to your home directory.
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-For example, my home directory path is @file{/home/fsf/melissa}. All of
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-my examples are in a subdirectory of the directory named by that path
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+directory to practice @command{tar} commands in. When we show file names,
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+we will assume that those names are relative to your home directory.
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+For example, my home directory is @file{/home/fsf/melissa}. All of
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+my examples are in a subdirectory of the directory named by that file
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name; the subdirectory is called @file{practice}.
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name; the subdirectory is called @file{practice}.
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@item
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@item
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@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ format=verbose, Verbose listing, fileutils, GNU file utilities}).
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@item Owner name and group separated by a slash character.
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@item Owner name and group separated by a slash character.
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If these data are not available (for example, when listing a @samp{v7} format
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If these data are not available (for example, when listing a @samp{v7} format
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-archive), numeric ID values are printed instead.
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+archive), numeric @acronym{ID} values are printed instead.
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@item Size of the file, in bytes.
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@item Size of the file, in bytes.
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@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ is a subdirectory of your home directory.
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Now @command{cd} to the directory named @file{practice}; @file{practice}
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Now @command{cd} to the directory named @file{practice}; @file{practice}
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is now your @dfn{working directory}. (@emph{Please note}: Although
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is now your @dfn{working directory}. (@emph{Please note}: Although
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-the full path name of this directory is
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+the full file name of this directory is
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@file{/@var{homedir}/practice}, in our examples we will refer to
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@file{/@var{homedir}/practice}, in our examples we will refer to
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this directory as @file{practice}; the @var{homedir} is presumed.
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this directory as @file{practice}; the @var{homedir} is presumed.
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@@ -1459,7 +1459,7 @@ using @samp{list}. In this case, @command{tar} will only list the
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names of members you identify. For example, @w{@kbd{tar --list
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names of members you identify. For example, @w{@kbd{tar --list
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--file=afiles.tar apple}} would only print @file{apple}.
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--file=afiles.tar apple}} would only print @file{apple}.
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-Because @command{tar} preserves paths, file names must be specified as
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+Because @command{tar} preserves file names, these must be specified as
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they appear in the archive (i.e., relative to the directory from which
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they appear in the archive (i.e., relative to the directory from which
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the archive was created). Therefore, it is essential when specifying
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the archive was created). Therefore, it is essential when specifying
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member names to @command{tar} that you give the exact member names.
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member names to @command{tar} that you give the exact member names.
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@@ -2558,7 +2558,7 @@ command-line. @xref{files}.
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@opsummary{force-local}
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@opsummary{force-local}
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@item --force-local
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@item --force-local
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-Forces @command{tar} to interpret the filename given to @option{--file}
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+Forces @command{tar} to interpret the file name given to @option{--file}
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as a local file, even if it looks like a remote tape drive name.
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as a local file, even if it looks like a remote tape drive name.
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@xref{local and remote archives}.
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@xref{local and remote archives}.
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@@ -2595,10 +2595,10 @@ Creates a @acronym{POSIX.1-2001 archive}.
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@opsummary{group}
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@opsummary{group}
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@item --group=@var{group}
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@item --group=@var{group}
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-Files added to the @command{tar} archive will have a group id of @var{group},
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+Files added to the @command{tar} archive will have a group @acronym{ID} of @var{group},
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rather than the group from the source file. @var{group} is first decoded
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rather than the group from the source file. @var{group} is first decoded
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as a group symbolic name, but if this interpretation fails, it has to be
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as a group symbolic name, but if this interpretation fails, it has to be
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-a decimal numeric group ID. @xref{override}.
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+a decimal numeric group @acronym{ID}. @xref{override}.
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Also see the comments for the @option{--owner=@var{user}} option.
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Also see the comments for the @option{--owner=@var{user}} option.
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@@ -2647,7 +2647,7 @@ archive, which normally signals EOF. @xref{Reading}.
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@item --incremental
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@item --incremental
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@itemx -G
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@itemx -G
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-Used to inform @command{tar} that it is working with an old
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+Informs @command{tar} that it is working with an old
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@acronym{GNU}-format incremental backup archive. It is intended
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@acronym{GNU}-format incremental backup archive. It is intended
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primarily for backwards compatibility only. @xref{Incremental Dumps},
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primarily for backwards compatibility only. @xref{Incremental Dumps},
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for a detailed discussion of incremental archives.
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for a detailed discussion of incremental archives.
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@@ -2775,9 +2775,10 @@ An exclude pattern can match any subsequence of the name's components.
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@opsummary{no-delay-directory-restore}
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@opsummary{no-delay-directory-restore}
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@item --no-delay-directory-restore
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@item --no-delay-directory-restore
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-Setting modification times and permissions of extracted
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-directories when all files from this directory has been
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-extracted. This is the default. @xref{Directory Modification Times and Permissions}.
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+Modification times and permissions of extracted
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+directories are set when all files from this directory have been
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+extracted. This is the default.
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+@xref{Directory Modification Times and Permissions}.
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@opsummary{no-ignore-case}
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@opsummary{no-ignore-case}
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@item --no-ignore-case
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@item --no-ignore-case
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@@ -2786,7 +2787,7 @@ Use case-sensitive matching.
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@opsummary{no-ignore-command-error}
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@opsummary{no-ignore-command-error}
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@item --no-ignore-command-error
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@item --no-ignore-command-error
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-Print warnings about subprocesses terminated with a non-zero exit
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+Print warnings about subprocesses that terminated with a nonzero exit
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code. @xref{Writing to an External Program}.
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code. @xref{Writing to an External Program}.
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@opsummary{no-overwrite-dir}
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@opsummary{no-overwrite-dir}
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@@ -2841,7 +2842,7 @@ Wildcards do not match @samp{/}.
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@item --null
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@item --null
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When @command{tar} is using the @option{--files-from} option, this option
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When @command{tar} is using the @option{--files-from} option, this option
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-instructs @command{tar} to expect filenames terminated with @option{NUL}, so
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+instructs @command{tar} to expect file names terminated with @acronym{NUL}, so
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@command{tar} can correctly work with file names that contain newlines.
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@command{tar} can correctly work with file names that contain newlines.
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@xref{nul}.
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@xref{nul}.
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@@ -2861,7 +2862,7 @@ restoring ownership of files being extracted.
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When creating an archive, it is a synonym for
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When creating an archive, it is a synonym for
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@option{--old-archive}. This behavior is for compatibility
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@option{--old-archive}. This behavior is for compatibility
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with previous versions of @GNUTAR{}, and will be
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with previous versions of @GNUTAR{}, and will be
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-removed in the future releases.
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+removed in future releases.
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@xref{Changes}, for more information.
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@xref{Changes}, for more information.
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@@ -2914,7 +2915,7 @@ from an archive. @xref{Overwrite Old Files}.
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Specifies that @command{tar} should use @var{user} as the owner of members
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Specifies that @command{tar} should use @var{user} as the owner of members
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when creating archives, instead of the user associated with the source
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when creating archives, instead of the user associated with the source
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file. @var{user} is first decoded as a user symbolic name, but if
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file. @var{user} is first decoded as a user symbolic name, but if
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-this interpretation fails, it has to be a decimal numeric user ID.
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+this interpretation fails, it has to be a decimal numeric user @acronym{ID}.
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@xref{override}.
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@xref{override}.
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This option does not affect extraction from archives.
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This option does not affect extraction from archives.
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@@ -3008,7 +3009,7 @@ archive. @xref{Blocking Factor}.
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@opsummary{recursion}
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@opsummary{recursion}
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@item --recursion
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@item --recursion
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-With this option, @command{tar} recurses into directories.
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+With this option, @command{tar} recurses into directories (default).
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@xref{recurse}.
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@xref{recurse}.
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@opsummary{recursive-unlink}
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@opsummary{recursive-unlink}
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@@ -3082,7 +3083,7 @@ $ tar --show-defaults
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@opsummary{show-omitted-dirs}
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@opsummary{show-omitted-dirs}
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@item --show-omitted-dirs
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@item --show-omitted-dirs
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-Instructs @command{tar} to mention directories its skipping over when
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+Instructs @command{tar} to mention the directories it is skipping when
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operating on a @command{tar} archive. @xref{show-omitted-dirs}.
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operating on a @command{tar} archive. @xref{show-omitted-dirs}.
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@opsummary{show-transformed-names}
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@opsummary{show-transformed-names}
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@@ -3092,8 +3093,8 @@ operating on a @command{tar} archive. @xref{show-omitted-dirs}.
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Display file or member names after applying any transformations
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Display file or member names after applying any transformations
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(@pxref{transform}). In particular, when used in conjunction with one of
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(@pxref{transform}). In particular, when used in conjunction with one of
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-archive creation operations it instructs tar to list the member names
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-stored in the archive, as opposed to the actual file
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+the archive creation operations it instructs @command{tar} to list the
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+member names stored in the archive, as opposed to the actual file
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names. @xref{listing member and file names}.
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names. @xref{listing member and file names}.
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@opsummary{sparse}
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@opsummary{sparse}
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@@ -3106,7 +3107,7 @@ sparse files efficiently. @xref{sparse}.
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@opsummary{sparse-version}
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@opsummary{sparse-version}
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@item --sparse-version=@var{version}
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@item --sparse-version=@var{version}
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-Specified the @dfn{format version} to use when archiving sparse
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+Specifies the @dfn{format version} to use when archiving sparse
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files. Implies @option{--sparse}. @xref{sparse}. For the description
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files. Implies @option{--sparse}. @xref{sparse}. For the description
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of the supported sparse formats, @xref{Sparse Formats}.
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of the supported sparse formats, @xref{Sparse Formats}.
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@@ -3121,8 +3122,7 @@ files in the archive until it finds one that matches @var{name}.
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@opsummary{strip-components}
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@opsummary{strip-components}
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@item --strip-components=@var{number}
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@item --strip-components=@var{number}
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Strip given @var{number} of leading components from file names before
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Strip given @var{number} of leading components from file names before
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-extraction.@footnote{This option was called @option{--strip-path} in
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-version 1.14.} For example, if archive @file{archive.tar} contained
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+extraction. For example, if archive @file{archive.tar} contained
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@file{/some/file/name}, then running
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@file{/some/file/name}, then running
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@smallexample
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@smallexample
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@@ -3218,9 +3218,9 @@ Display file modification dates in @acronym{UTC}. This option implies
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@item --verbose
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@item --verbose
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@itemx -v
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@itemx -v
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-Specifies that @command{tar} should be more verbose about the operations its
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-performing. This option can be specified multiple times for some
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-operations to increase the amount of information displayed.
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+Specifies that @command{tar} should be more verbose about the
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+operations it is performing. This option can be specified multiple
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+times for some operations to increase the amount of information displayed.
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@xref{verbose}.
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@xref{verbose}.
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@opsummary{verify}
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@opsummary{verify}
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@@ -3241,7 +3241,7 @@ status, all on standard output, and then exit successfully.
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@item --volno-file=@var{file}
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@item --volno-file=@var{file}
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Used in conjunction with @option{--multi-volume}. @command{tar} will
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Used in conjunction with @option{--multi-volume}. @command{tar} will
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-keep track of which volume of a multi-volume archive its working in
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+keep track of which volume of a multi-volume archive it is working in
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@var{file}. @xref{volno-file}.
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@var{file}. @xref{volno-file}.
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@opsummary{wildcards}
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@opsummary{wildcards}
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@@ -3328,7 +3328,7 @@ them with the equivalent long option.
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@ref{--portability}.
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@ref{--portability}.
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The later usage is deprecated. It is retained for compatibility with
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The later usage is deprecated. It is retained for compatibility with
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-the earlier versions of @GNUTAR{}. In the future releases
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+the earlier versions of @GNUTAR{}. In future releases
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@option{-o} will be equivalent to @option{--no-same-owner} only.
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@option{-o} will be equivalent to @option{--no-same-owner} only.
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@item -p @tab @ref{--preserve-permissions}.
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@item -p @tab @ref{--preserve-permissions}.
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@@ -4388,7 +4388,7 @@ tar: Option --mtime: Treating date `yesterday' as 2006-06-20
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Specifies that @command{tar} should use @var{user} as the owner of members
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Specifies that @command{tar} should use @var{user} as the owner of members
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when creating archives, instead of the user associated with the source
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when creating archives, instead of the user associated with the source
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file. The argument @var{user} can be either an existing user symbolic
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file. The argument @var{user} can be either an existing user symbolic
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-name, or a decimal numeric user ID.
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+name, or a decimal numeric user @acronym{ID}.
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There is no value indicating a missing number, and @samp{0} usually means
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There is no value indicating a missing number, and @samp{0} usually means
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@code{root}. Some people like to force @samp{0} as the value to offer in
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@code{root}. Some people like to force @samp{0} as the value to offer in
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@@ -4407,9 +4407,9 @@ $ @kbd{tar -c -f archive.tar --owner=root .}
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@item --group=@var{group}
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@item --group=@var{group}
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@opindex group
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@opindex group
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-Files added to the @command{tar} archive will have a group id of @var{group},
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+Files added to the @command{tar} archive will have a group @acronym{ID} of @var{group},
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rather than the group from the source file. The argument @var{group}
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rather than the group from the source file. The argument @var{group}
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-can be either an existing group symbolic name, or a decimal numeric group ID.
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+can be either an existing group symbolic name, or a decimal numeric group @acronym{ID}.
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@end table
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@end table
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@node Ignore Failed Read
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@node Ignore Failed Read
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@@ -4461,7 +4461,7 @@ in conjunction with the @option{--extract} or @option{--list} operations.
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The @option{--read-full-records} (@option{-B}) option is turned on by default when
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The @option{--read-full-records} (@option{-B}) option is turned on by default when
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@command{tar} reads an archive from standard input, or from a remote
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@command{tar} reads an archive from standard input, or from a remote
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-machine. This is because on BSD Unix systems, attempting to read a
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+machine. This is because on @acronym{BSD} Unix systems, attempting to read a
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pipe returns however much happens to be in the pipe, even if it is
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pipe returns however much happens to be in the pipe, even if it is
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less than was requested. If this option were not enabled, @command{tar}
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less than was requested. If this option were not enabled, @command{tar}
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would fail as soon as it read an incomplete record from the pipe.
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would fail as soon as it read an incomplete record from the pipe.
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@@ -5635,7 +5635,7 @@ in a separate file. This file is usually named
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@defvr {Backup variable} DIRLIST
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@defvr {Backup variable} DIRLIST
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-A path to the file containing the list of the file systems to backup
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+The name of the file that contains a list of file systems to backup
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or restore. By default it is @file{/etc/backup/dirs}.
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or restore. By default it is @file{/etc/backup/dirs}.
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@end defvr
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@end defvr
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@@ -5653,7 +5653,7 @@ in a separate file. This file is usually named
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@defvr {Backup variable} FILELIST
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@defvr {Backup variable} FILELIST
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-A path to the file containing the list of the individual files to backup
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+The name of the file that contains a list of individual files to backup
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or restore. By default it is @file{/etc/backup/files}.
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or restore. By default it is @file{/etc/backup/files}.
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@end defvr
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@end defvr
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@@ -5804,7 +5804,7 @@ Current backup or restore level.
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Name or IP address of the host machine being dumped or restored.
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Name or IP address of the host machine being dumped or restored.
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@item fs
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@item fs
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-Full path name to the file system being dumped or restored.
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+Full file name of the file system being dumped or restored.
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@item fsname
|
|
@item fsname
|
|
File system name with directory separators replaced with colons. This
|
|
File system name with directory separators replaced with colons. This
|
|
@@ -6227,15 +6227,15 @@ table:
|
|
|
|
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions 0.20 0.60
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions 0.20 0.60
|
|
@headitem Escape @tab Replaced with
|
|
@headitem Escape @tab Replaced with
|
|
-@item \a @tab Audible bell (ASCII 7)
|
|
|
|
-@item \b @tab Backspace (ASCII 8)
|
|
|
|
-@item \f @tab Form feed (ASCII 12)
|
|
|
|
-@item \n @tab New line (ASCII 10)
|
|
|
|
-@item \r @tab Carriage return (ASCII 13)
|
|
|
|
-@item \t @tab Horizontal tabulation (ASCII 9)
|
|
|
|
-@item \v @tab Vertical tabulation (ASCII 11)
|
|
|
|
-@item \? @tab ASCII 127
|
|
|
|
-@item \@var{n} @tab ASCII @var{n} (@var{n} should be an octal number
|
|
|
|
|
|
+@item \a @tab Audible bell (@acronym{ASCII} 7)
|
|
|
|
+@item \b @tab Backspace (@acronym{ASCII} 8)
|
|
|
|
+@item \f @tab Form feed (@acronym{ASCII} 12)
|
|
|
|
+@item \n @tab New line (@acronym{ASCII} 10)
|
|
|
|
+@item \r @tab Carriage return (@acronym{ASCII} 13)
|
|
|
|
+@item \t @tab Horizontal tabulation (@acronym{ASCII} 9)
|
|
|
|
+@item \v @tab Vertical tabulation (@acronym{ASCII} 11)
|
|
|
|
+@item \? @tab @acronym{ASCII} 127
|
|
|
|
+@item \@var{n} @tab @acronym{ASCII} @var{n} (@var{n} should be an octal number
|
|
of up to 3 digits)
|
|
of up to 3 digits)
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -6623,8 +6623,8 @@ pitfalls:
|
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
@item
|
|
@item
|
|
-The main operating mode of @command{tar} does not act on a path name
|
|
|
|
-explicitly listed on the command line if one of its file name
|
|
|
|
|
|
+The main operating mode of @command{tar} does not act on a file name
|
|
|
|
+explicitly listed on the command line, if one of its file name
|
|
components is excluded. In the example above, if
|
|
components is excluded. In the example above, if
|
|
you create an archive and exclude files that end with @samp{*.o}, but
|
|
you create an archive and exclude files that end with @samp{*.o}, but
|
|
explicitly name the file @samp{dir.o/foo} after all the options have been
|
|
explicitly name the file @samp{dir.o/foo} after all the options have been
|
|
@@ -6886,7 +6886,7 @@ quoting}. The characters in question are:
|
|
@item Non-printable control characters:
|
|
@item Non-printable control characters:
|
|
|
|
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions 0.20 0.10 0.60
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions 0.20 0.10 0.60
|
|
-@headitem Character @tab ASCII @tab Character name
|
|
|
|
|
|
+@headitem Character @tab @acronym{ASCII} @tab Character name
|
|
@item \a @tab 7 @tab Audible bell
|
|
@item \a @tab 7 @tab Audible bell
|
|
@item \b @tab 8 @tab Backspace
|
|
@item \b @tab 8 @tab Backspace
|
|
@item \f @tab 12 @tab Form feed
|
|
@item \f @tab 12 @tab Form feed
|
|
@@ -6896,7 +6896,7 @@ quoting}. The characters in question are:
|
|
@item \v @tab 11 @tab Vertical tabulation
|
|
@item \v @tab 11 @tab Vertical tabulation
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
|
|
|
|
-@item Space (ASCII 32)
|
|
|
|
|
|
+@item Space (@acronym{ASCII} 32)
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item Single and double quotes (@samp{'} and @samp{"})
|
|
@item Single and double quotes (@samp{'} and @samp{"})
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -7783,7 +7783,7 @@ sparse file handling and incremental archives. Unfortunately these
|
|
features were implemented in a way incompatible with other archive
|
|
features were implemented in a way incompatible with other archive
|
|
formats.
|
|
formats.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Archives in @samp{gnu} format are able to hold pathnames of unlimited
|
|
|
|
|
|
+Archives in @samp{gnu} format are able to hold file names of unlimited
|
|
length.
|
|
length.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item oldgnu
|
|
@item oldgnu
|
|
@@ -7799,7 +7799,7 @@ are:
|
|
@item The maximum length of a symbolic link is limited to 99 characters.
|
|
@item The maximum length of a symbolic link is limited to 99 characters.
|
|
@item It is impossible to store special files (block and character
|
|
@item It is impossible to store special files (block and character
|
|
devices, fifos etc.)
|
|
devices, fifos etc.)
|
|
-@item Maximum value of user or group ID is limited to 2097151 (7777777
|
|
|
|
|
|
+@item Maximum value of user or group @acronym{ID} is limited to 2097151 (7777777
|
|
octal)
|
|
octal)
|
|
@item V7 archives do not contain symbolic ownership information (user
|
|
@item V7 archives do not contain symbolic ownership information (user
|
|
and group name of the file owner).
|
|
and group name of the file owner).
|
|
@@ -7807,7 +7807,7 @@ and group name of the file owner).
|
|
|
|
|
|
This format has traditionally been used by Automake when producing
|
|
This format has traditionally been used by Automake when producing
|
|
Makefiles. This practice will change in the future, in the meantime,
|
|
Makefiles. This practice will change in the future, in the meantime,
|
|
-however this means that projects containing filenames more than 99
|
|
|
|
|
|
+however this means that projects containing file names more than 99
|
|
characters long will not be able to use @GNUTAR{} @value{VERSION} and
|
|
characters long will not be able to use @GNUTAR{} @value{VERSION} and
|
|
Automake prior to 1.9.
|
|
Automake prior to 1.9.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -7818,7 +7818,7 @@ special files. However, it imposes several restrictions as well:
|
|
|
|
|
|
@enumerate
|
|
@enumerate
|
|
@item The maximum length of a file name is limited to 256 characters,
|
|
@item The maximum length of a file name is limited to 256 characters,
|
|
-provided that the filename can be split at directory separator in
|
|
|
|
|
|
+provided that the file name can be split at a directory separator in
|
|
two parts, first of them being at most 155 bytes long. So, in most
|
|
two parts, first of them being at most 155 bytes long. So, in most
|
|
cases the maximum file name length will be shorter than 256
|
|
cases the maximum file name length will be shorter than 256
|
|
characters.
|
|
characters.
|
|
@@ -7838,7 +7838,7 @@ currently does not produce them.
|
|
@item posix
|
|
@item posix
|
|
Archive format defined by @acronym{POSIX.1-2001} specification. This is the
|
|
Archive format defined by @acronym{POSIX.1-2001} specification. This is the
|
|
most flexible and feature-rich format. It does not impose any
|
|
most flexible and feature-rich format. It does not impose any
|
|
-restrictions on file sizes or filename lengths. This format is quite
|
|
|
|
|
|
+restrictions on file sizes or file name lengths. This format is quite
|
|
recent, so not all tar implementations are able to handle it properly.
|
|
recent, so not all tar implementations are able to handle it properly.
|
|
However, this format is designed in such a way that any tar
|
|
However, this format is designed in such a way that any tar
|
|
implementation able to read @samp{ustar} archives will be able to read
|
|
implementation able to read @samp{ustar} archives will be able to read
|
|
@@ -7855,7 +7855,7 @@ The following table summarizes the limitations of each of these
|
|
formats:
|
|
formats:
|
|
|
|
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions .10 .20 .20 .20 .20
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions .10 .20 .20 .20 .20
|
|
-@headitem Format @tab UID @tab File Size @tab Path Name @tab Devn
|
|
|
|
|
|
+@headitem Format @tab UID @tab File Size @tab File Name @tab Devn
|
|
@item gnu @tab 1.8e19 @tab Unlimited @tab Unlimited @tab 63
|
|
@item gnu @tab 1.8e19 @tab Unlimited @tab Unlimited @tab 63
|
|
@item oldgnu @tab 1.8e19 @tab Unlimited @tab Unlimited @tab 63
|
|
@item oldgnu @tab 1.8e19 @tab Unlimited @tab Unlimited @tab 63
|
|
@item v7 @tab 2097151 @tab 8GB @tab 99 @tab n/a
|
|
@item v7 @tab 2097151 @tab 8GB @tab 99 @tab n/a
|
|
@@ -8254,11 +8254,11 @@ makes quite difficult to correctly account users for the disk space
|
|
they occupy. Also, the @code{suid} or @code{sgid} attributes of
|
|
they occupy. Also, the @code{suid} or @code{sgid} attributes of
|
|
files are easily and silently lost when files are given away.
|
|
files are easily and silently lost when files are given away.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-When writing an archive, @command{tar} writes the user id and user name
|
|
|
|
-separately. If it can't find a user name (because the user id is not
|
|
|
|
|
|
+When writing an archive, @command{tar} writes the user @acronym{ID} and user name
|
|
|
|
+separately. If it can't find a user name (because the user @acronym{ID} is not
|
|
in @file{/etc/passwd}), then it does not write one. When restoring,
|
|
in @file{/etc/passwd}), then it does not write one. When restoring,
|
|
it tries to look the name (if one was written) up in
|
|
it tries to look the name (if one was written) up in
|
|
-@file{/etc/passwd}. If it fails, then it uses the user id stored in
|
|
|
|
|
|
+@file{/etc/passwd}. If it fails, then it uses the user @acronym{ID} stored in
|
|
the archive instead.
|
|
the archive instead.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@opindex no-same-owner
|
|
@opindex no-same-owner
|
|
@@ -8371,7 +8371,7 @@ archives and archive labels) in GNU and PAX formats.}
|
|
@subsection Portable Names
|
|
@subsection Portable Names
|
|
|
|
|
|
Use portable file and member names. A name is portable if it contains
|
|
Use portable file and member names. A name is portable if it contains
|
|
-only ASCII letters and digits, @samp{/}, @samp{.}, @samp{_}, and
|
|
|
|
|
|
+only @acronym{ASCII} letters and digits, @samp{/}, @samp{.}, @samp{_}, and
|
|
@samp{-}; it cannot be empty, start with @samp{-} or @samp{//}, or
|
|
@samp{-}; it cannot be empty, start with @samp{-} or @samp{//}, or
|
|
contain @samp{/-}. Avoid deep directory nesting. For portability to
|
|
contain @samp{/-}. Avoid deep directory nesting. For portability to
|
|
old Unix hosts, limit your file name components to 14 characters or
|
|
old Unix hosts, limit your file name components to 14 characters or
|
|
@@ -8473,7 +8473,7 @@ incompatible with the current @acronym{POSIX} specification, and with
|
|
@command{tar} programs that follow it.
|
|
@command{tar} programs that follow it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the majority of cases, @command{tar} will be configured to create
|
|
In the majority of cases, @command{tar} will be configured to create
|
|
-this format by default. This will change in the future releases, since
|
|
|
|
|
|
+this format by default. This will change in future releases, since
|
|
we plan to make @samp{POSIX} format the default.
|
|
we plan to make @samp{POSIX} format the default.
|
|
|
|
|
|
To force creation a @GNUTAR{} archive, use option
|
|
To force creation a @GNUTAR{} archive, use option
|
|
@@ -8520,7 +8520,7 @@ When used in extract or list mode, this option instructs tar
|
|
to ignore any keywords matching the given @var{pattern} in the extended
|
|
to ignore any keywords matching the given @var{pattern} in the extended
|
|
header records. In both cases, matching is performed using the pattern
|
|
header records. In both cases, matching is performed using the pattern
|
|
matching notation described in @acronym{POSIX 1003.2}, 3.13
|
|
matching notation described in @acronym{POSIX 1003.2}, 3.13
|
|
-(@pxref{wildcards}). For example:
|
|
|
|
|
|
+(@pxref{wildcards}). For example:
|
|
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
--pax-option delete=security.*
|
|
--pax-option delete=security.*
|
|
@@ -8537,10 +8537,11 @@ from @var{string} after making the following substitutions:
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions .25 .55
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions .25 .55
|
|
@headitem Meta-character @tab Replaced By
|
|
@headitem Meta-character @tab Replaced By
|
|
@item %d @tab The directory name of the file, equivalent to the
|
|
@item %d @tab The directory name of the file, equivalent to the
|
|
-result of the @command{dirname} utility on the translated pathname.
|
|
|
|
-@item %f @tab The filename of the file, equivalent to the result
|
|
|
|
-of the @command{basename} utility on the translated pathname.
|
|
|
|
-@item %p @tab The process ID of the @command{tar} process.
|
|
|
|
|
|
+result of the @command{dirname} utility on the translated file name.
|
|
|
|
+@item %f @tab The name of the file with the directory information
|
|
|
|
+stripped, equivalent to the result of the @command{basename} utility
|
|
|
|
+on the translated file name.
|
|
|
|
+@item %p @tab The process @acronym{ID} of the @command{tar} process.
|
|
@item %% @tab A @samp{%} character.
|
|
@item %% @tab A @samp{%} character.
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -8565,7 +8566,7 @@ the following substitutions:
|
|
@item %n @tab An integer that represents the
|
|
@item %n @tab An integer that represents the
|
|
sequence number of the global extended header record in the archive,
|
|
sequence number of the global extended header record in the archive,
|
|
starting at 1.
|
|
starting at 1.
|
|
-@item %p @tab The process ID of the @command{tar} process.
|
|
|
|
|
|
+@item %p @tab The process @acronym{ID} of the @command{tar} process.
|
|
@item %% @tab A @samp{%} character.
|
|
@item %% @tab A @samp{%} character.
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -8616,7 +8617,7 @@ stored in the archive.
|
|
@subsection Checksumming Problems
|
|
@subsection Checksumming Problems
|
|
|
|
|
|
SunOS and HP-UX @command{tar} fail to accept archives created using
|
|
SunOS and HP-UX @command{tar} fail to accept archives created using
|
|
-@GNUTAR{} and containing non-ASCII file names, that
|
|
|
|
|
|
+@GNUTAR{} and containing non-@acronym{ASCII} file names, that
|
|
is, file names having characters with the eight bit set, because they
|
|
is, file names having characters with the eight bit set, because they
|
|
use signed checksums, while @GNUTAR{} uses unsigned
|
|
use signed checksums, while @GNUTAR{} uses unsigned
|
|
checksums while creating archives, as per @acronym{POSIX} standards. On
|
|
checksums while creating archives, as per @acronym{POSIX} standards. On
|
|
@@ -8671,7 +8672,7 @@ choose, bear in mind that the @acronym{GNU} format uses
|
|
two's-complement base-256 notation to store values that do not fit
|
|
two's-complement base-256 notation to store values that do not fit
|
|
into standard @acronym{ustar} range. Such archives can generally be
|
|
into standard @acronym{ustar} range. Such archives can generally be
|
|
read only by a @GNUTAR{} implementation. Moreover, they sometimes
|
|
read only by a @GNUTAR{} implementation. Moreover, they sometimes
|
|
-cannot be correctly restored on another hosts even by @GNUTAR{}. For
|
|
|
|
|
|
+cannot be correctly restored on another hosts even by @GNUTAR{}. For
|
|
example, using two's complement representation for negative time
|
|
example, using two's complement representation for negative time
|
|
stamps that assumes a signed 32-bit @code{time_t} generates archives
|
|
stamps that assumes a signed 32-bit @code{time_t} generates archives
|
|
that are not portable to hosts with differing @code{time_t}
|
|
that are not portable to hosts with differing @code{time_t}
|
|
@@ -8748,14 +8749,14 @@ have the following meaning:
|
|
result of the @command{dirname} utility on its full name.
|
|
result of the @command{dirname} utility on its full name.
|
|
@item %f @tab The file name of the file, equivalent to the result
|
|
@item %f @tab The file name of the file, equivalent to the result
|
|
of the @command{basename} utility on its full name.
|
|
of the @command{basename} utility on its full name.
|
|
-@item %p @tab The process ID of the @command{tar} process that
|
|
|
|
|
|
+@item %p @tab The process @acronym{ID} of the @command{tar} process that
|
|
created the archive.
|
|
created the archive.
|
|
@item %n @tab Ordinal number of this particular part.
|
|
@item %n @tab Ordinal number of this particular part.
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
|
|
|
|
For example, if the file @file{var/longfile} was split during archive
|
|
For example, if the file @file{var/longfile} was split during archive
|
|
creation between three volumes, and the creator @command{tar} process
|
|
creation between three volumes, and the creator @command{tar} process
|
|
-had process ID @samp{27962}, then the member names will be:
|
|
|
|
|
|
+had process @acronym{ID} @samp{27962}, then the member names will be:
|
|
|
|
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
@smallexample
|
|
var/longfile
|
|
var/longfile
|
|
@@ -8839,7 +8840,7 @@ additional data will be needed to restore it. If the original file
|
|
name was @file{@var{dir}/@var{name}}, then the condensed file will be
|
|
name was @file{@var{dir}/@var{name}}, then the condensed file will be
|
|
named @file{@var{dir}/@/GNUSparseFile.@var{n}/@/@var{name}}, where
|
|
named @file{@var{dir}/@/GNUSparseFile.@var{n}/@/@var{name}}, where
|
|
@var{n} is a decimal number@footnote{technically speaking, @var{n} is a
|
|
@var{n} is a decimal number@footnote{technically speaking, @var{n} is a
|
|
-@dfn{process ID} of the @command{tar} process which created the
|
|
|
|
|
|
+@dfn{process @acronym{ID}} of the @command{tar} process which created the
|
|
archive (@pxref{PAX keywords}).}.
|
|
archive (@pxref{PAX keywords}).}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
To expand a version 1.0 file, run @command{xsparse} as follows:
|
|
To expand a version 1.0 file, run @command{xsparse} as follows:
|
|
@@ -9043,20 +9044,20 @@ Done
|
|
@FIXME{Reorganize the following material}
|
|
@FIXME{Reorganize the following material}
|
|
|
|
|
|
The @command{cpio} archive formats, like @command{tar}, do have maximum
|
|
The @command{cpio} archive formats, like @command{tar}, do have maximum
|
|
-pathname lengths. The binary and old ASCII formats have a max path
|
|
|
|
-length of 256, and the new ASCII and CRC ASCII formats have a max
|
|
|
|
-path length of 1024. @acronym{GNU} @command{cpio} can read and write archives
|
|
|
|
-with arbitrary pathname lengths, but other @command{cpio} implementations
|
|
|
|
|
|
+file name lengths. The binary and old @acronym{ASCII} formats have a maximum file
|
|
|
|
+length of 256, and the new @acronym{ASCII} and @acronym{CRC ASCII} formats have a max
|
|
|
|
+file length of 1024. @acronym{GNU} @command{cpio} can read and write archives
|
|
|
|
+with arbitrary file name lengths, but other @command{cpio} implementations
|
|
may crash unexplainedly trying to read them.
|
|
may crash unexplainedly trying to read them.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-@command{tar} handles symbolic links in the form in which it comes in BSD;
|
|
|
|
|
|
+@command{tar} handles symbolic links in the form in which it comes in @acronym{BSD};
|
|
@command{cpio} doesn't handle symbolic links in the form in which it comes
|
|
@command{cpio} doesn't handle symbolic links in the form in which it comes
|
|
in System V prior to SVR4, and some vendors may have added symlinks
|
|
in System V prior to SVR4, and some vendors may have added symlinks
|
|
to their system without enhancing @command{cpio} to know about them.
|
|
to their system without enhancing @command{cpio} to know about them.
|
|
Others may have enhanced it in a way other than the way I did it
|
|
Others may have enhanced it in a way other than the way I did it
|
|
at Sun, and which was adopted by AT&T (and which is, I think, also
|
|
at Sun, and which was adopted by AT&T (and which is, I think, also
|
|
present in the @command{cpio} that Berkeley picked up from AT&T and put
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present in the @command{cpio} that Berkeley picked up from AT&T and put
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-into a later BSD release---I think I gave them my changes).
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+into a later @acronym{BSD} release---I think I gave them my changes).
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(SVR4 does some funny stuff with @command{tar}; basically, its @command{cpio}
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(SVR4 does some funny stuff with @command{tar}; basically, its @command{cpio}
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can handle @command{tar} format input, and write it on output, and it
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can handle @command{tar} format input, and write it on output, and it
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@@ -9065,16 +9066,16 @@ anything to enhance @command{tar} as a result.)
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@command{cpio} handles special files; traditional @command{tar} doesn't.
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@command{cpio} handles special files; traditional @command{tar} doesn't.
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-@command{tar} comes with V7, System III, System V, and BSD source;
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-@command{cpio} comes only with System III, System V, and later BSD
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+@command{tar} comes with V7, System III, System V, and @acronym{BSD} source;
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+@command{cpio} comes only with System III, System V, and later @acronym{BSD}
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(4.3-tahoe and later).
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(4.3-tahoe and later).
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@command{tar}'s way of handling multiple hard links to a file can handle
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@command{tar}'s way of handling multiple hard links to a file can handle
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-file systems that support 32-bit inumbers (e.g., the BSD file system);
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-@command{cpio}s way requires you to play some games (in its "binary"
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-format, i-numbers are only 16 bits, and in its "portable ASCII" format,
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-they're 18 bits---it would have to play games with the "file system ID"
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-field of the header to make sure that the file system ID/i-number pairs
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+file systems that support 32-bit inumbers (e.g., the @acronym{BSD} file system);
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+@command{cpio}s way requires you to play some games (in its ``binary''
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+format, i-numbers are only 16 bits, and in its ``portable @acronym{ASCII}'' format,
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+they're 18 bits---it would have to play games with the "file system @acronym{ID}"
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+field of the header to make sure that the file system @acronym{ID}/i-number pairs
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of different files were always different), and I don't know which
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of different files were always different), and I don't know which
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@command{cpio}s, if any, play those games. Those that don't might get
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@command{cpio}s, if any, play those games. Those that don't might get
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confused and think two files are the same file when they're not, and
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confused and think two files are the same file when they're not, and
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@@ -9375,7 +9376,7 @@ that can be backspaced with the @code{MTIOCTOP} @code{ioctl}.
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This means that the @option{--append}, @option{--concatenate}, and
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This means that the @option{--append}, @option{--concatenate}, and
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@option{--delete} commands will not work on any other kind of file.
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@option{--delete} commands will not work on any other kind of file.
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Some media simply cannot be backspaced, which means these commands and
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Some media simply cannot be backspaced, which means these commands and
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-options will never be able to work on them. These non-backspacing
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+options will never be able to work on them. These non-backspacing
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media include pipes and cartridge tape drives.
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media include pipes and cartridge tape drives.
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Some other media can be backspaced, and @command{tar} will work on them
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Some other media can be backspaced, and @command{tar} will work on them
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@@ -9753,17 +9754,17 @@ are stored on a single physical tape.
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@xopindex{read-full-records, short description}
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@xopindex{read-full-records, short description}
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@item -B
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@item -B
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@itemx --read-full-records
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@itemx --read-full-records
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-Reblock as we read (for reading 4.2BSD pipes).
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+Reblock as we read (for reading 4.2@acronym{BSD} pipes).
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If @option{--read-full-records} is used, @command{tar}
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If @option{--read-full-records} is used, @command{tar}
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will not panic if an attempt to read a record from the archive does
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will not panic if an attempt to read a record from the archive does
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-not return a full record. Instead, @command{tar} will keep reading
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+not return a full record. Instead, @command{tar} will keep reading
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until it has obtained a full
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until it has obtained a full
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record.
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record.
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This option is turned on by default when @command{tar} is reading
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This option is turned on by default when @command{tar} is reading
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an archive from standard input, or from a remote machine. This is
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an archive from standard input, or from a remote machine. This is
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-because on BSD Unix systems, a read of a pipe will return however
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+because on @acronym{BSD} Unix systems, a read of a pipe will return however
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much happens to be in the pipe, even if it is less than @command{tar}
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much happens to be in the pipe, even if it is less than @command{tar}
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requested. If this option was not used, @command{tar} would fail as
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requested. If this option was not used, @command{tar} would fail as
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soon as it read an incomplete record from the pipe.
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soon as it read an incomplete record from the pipe.
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